Determination of biogenic amines in foods using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)

Abstract A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the determination of biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, phenylethylamine, histamine, tyramine and tryptamine) in selected food samples is described. The eight biogenic amines, which are the most important to be determined in food samples, were derivatized with dansyl chloride prior to UPLC separation. The dansylated amines were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB – C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm ID, 1.8 μm) using gradient elution with a binary system of acetonitrile–water, a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 225 nm. The analysis is very fast, all amines are well resolved and are eluted from the column in less than 6 min. The average repeatability of the method ranged between 1.02% and 2.14%. Limits of detection (LODs) for considered amines ranged between 0.032 and 0.098 μg/l; calibration curves showed very good linearity ( r  = 0.9994–1.0000). The method was applied to the analysis of amines in pork, beef, chicken and fish meat, cheese and edible mushrooms.

[1]  I. Křížek.  The determination of Biogenic Amines in Silage , 1991 .

[2]  M. Kontominas,et al.  Possible role of volatile amines as quality-indicating metabolites in modified atmosphere-packaged chicken fillets: Correlation with microbiological and sensory attributes , 2007 .

[3]  Z. Loukou,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines in wines and beers by high performance liquid chromatography with pre-column dansylation and ultraviolet detection , 2003 .

[4]  F. Vácha,et al.  Biogenic amines in vacuum-packed and non-vacuum-packed flesh of carp (Cyprinus carpio) stored at different temperatures , 2004 .

[5]  Serge Rudaz,et al.  High throughput liquid chromatography with sub-2 microm particles at high pressure and high temperature. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[6]  M. Křížek,et al.  Determination of seven biogenic amines in foods by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography , 1998 .

[7]  A. Shalaby.  Significance of biogenic amines to food safety and human health , 1996 .

[8]  L. Conte,et al.  High-performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of biogenic amines in foods. An analysis of different methods of sample preparation in relation to food characteristics. , 1996, Journal of chromatography. A.

[9]  L. Garrelly,et al.  Use of 2-chloroethylnitrosourea, a new type of pre-column derivatizing agent for the measurement of biogenic amines, by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection , 1998 .

[10]  K. Ganzler,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. A.

[11]  F. Vácha,et al.  Formation of selected biogenic amines in carp meat , 2002 .

[12]  Li-yao Zhang,et al.  Simultaneous determination of histamine and polyamines by capillary zone electrophoresis with 4-fluor-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole derivatization and fluorescence detection. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[13]  M. Komaitis,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines in wines by HPLC with precolumn dansylation and fluorimetric detection , 2008 .

[14]  G. Dugo,et al.  Reverse phase HPLC/DAD determination of biogenic amines as dansyl derivatives in experimental red wines , 2006 .

[15]  S. Fanali,et al.  Nano-liquid chromatography analysis of dansylated biogenic amines in wines. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[16]  M. Glória,et al.  Bioactive amines formation in milk by Lactococcus in the presence or not of rennet and NaCl at 20 and 32 °C , 2003 .

[17]  P. Pastore,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines in fresh and processed meat by ion chromatography and integrated pulsed amperometric detection on Au electrode , 2007 .

[18]  Z. Loukou,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines in Greek wines by HPLC and ultraviolet detection after dansylation and examination of factors affecting their presence and concentration , 2007 .

[19]  M. Ferreira,et al.  A GC-MS method for quantitation of histamine and other biogenic amines in beer , 2001 .

[20]  G. Chou,et al.  Extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive components in a Chinese herb Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[21]  P. Cooper,et al.  Determination of histamine in tomatoes by capillary electrophoresis. , 2000, Journal of AOAC International.

[22]  M. Kontominas,et al.  Relation of biogenic amines with microbial and sensory changes of whole and filleted freshwater rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) stored on ice. , 2004, Journal of food protection.

[23]  J. Miller,et al.  Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry , 2005 .

[24]  Yi-Chen Lee,et al.  Determination of histamine and histamine-forming bacteria in tuna dumpling implicated in a food-borne poisoning , 2008 .

[25]  W. Holzapfel,et al.  Biogenic amines and their production by microorganisms in food , 1994 .

[26]  P. Riccio,et al.  Influence of storage temperature and freezing time on histamine level in the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicholus (L., 1758): A study by capillary electrophoresis. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[27]  J. Pickova,et al.  New solvent systems for thin-layer chromatographic determination of nine biogenic amines in fish and squid. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[28]  A. Galston,et al.  Improved method for HPLC analysis of polyamines, agmatine and aromatic monoamines in plant tissue. , 1989, Plant physiology.

[29]  K. Southwick,et al.  Histamine poisoning associated with eating tuna burgers. , 2001, JAMA.

[30]  S. Bover-Cid,et al.  Biogenic amine index for freshness evaluation in iced Mediterranean hake (Merluccius merluccius). , 2005, Journal of food protection.

[31]  R. Shakila,et al.  A comparison of the TLC-densitometry and HPLC method for the determination of biogenic amines in fish and fishery products , 2001 .

[32]  M. Paik,et al.  Simultaneous profiling analysis of alkylphenols and amines by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , 2006 .

[33]  J. Miyazaki,et al.  The methionine salvage pathway in relation to ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis , 1987 .

[34]  F. Özoğul,et al.  Nucleotide degradation and biogenic amine formation of wild white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) stored in ice and at chill temperature (4°C). , 2008, Food chemistry.

[35]  L. Lehane.  Update on histamine fish poisoning , 2000, The Medical journal of Australia.

[36]  J. Cornell,et al.  Development of Biogenic Amines in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares): Effect of Storage and Correlation with Decarboxylase‐Positive Bacterial Flora , 2002 .