Summary
A study was performed to clarify the population structure of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, within single Pinus thunbergii trees after double infection of nematode populations using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Two nematode isolates, which had different levels or the same level of virulence, were inoculated into 6-year-old trees at the same or different times and then the propagated nematodes were collected from the trees after 1, 6 and 9 months. When a virulent and an avirulent isolate were inoculated into a single tree, an overwhelming propagation of the virulent isolate was observed there irrespective of the inoculation order of isolates or collection time of nematodes. However, when two virulent isolates were inoculated, propagation through the interbreeding between the two isolates was observed. In the case of the staggered inoculations with two virulent isolates, the frequency of nematodes with a PCR-RFLP pattern of the primarily inoculated isolate increased with the time after nematode inoculations. This suggested that the population structure of B. xylophilus within a single tree varied by the virulence level of nematode populations transmitted and their transmission order.
Resume
Cette etude a ete realisee afin de clarifier la structure des populations du nematode du pin, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, dans des arbres (Pinus thunbergii) soumis a une double infection de nematodes, en utilisant une methode de PCR-RFLP (reaction de polymerase en chaine, polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction). Les deux isolates de nematodes, avec un niveau de virulence semblabe ou different selon les cas, ont ete inocules dans des arbres de 6 ans, en meme temps ou non, la population resultante de nematodes etant recoltee 1, 6 ou 9 mois apres. Quand un isolate virulent et un isolate avirulent ont ete inocules dans le meme arbre, une propagation dominante de l'isolat virulent a ete observee quels que soit l'ordre d'inoculation des isolates ou la date de recolte des nematodes. Par contre, lorsque deux isolats virulents ont ete inocules ensemble, une multiplication par croisement entre les deux isolats a ete observee. Dans le cas d'inoculations decalees dans le temps avec deux isolates virulents, la frequence de nematodes avec un profil PCR-RFLP correspondant au premier isolate augmente avec le temps apres les inoculations. Ces resultats suggerent que la structure des populations de B. xylophilus dans les arbres varie avec le niveau de virulence des populations de nematodes transmises et leur ordre de transmission.
Zusammenfassung
Die Populationsstruktur des Kiefernematoden Bursaphelenchus xylophylus wurde nach Infektion durch zwei verschiedene Isolate mit PCR-RFLP charakterisiert. Die zwei Nematodenisolate unterschiedlicher oder gleicher Virulenz wurden in sechsjahrige Baume gleichzeitig oder nacheinander inokuliert. Nach einem, sechs und neun Monaten wurden Proben der Nematodenpopulationen aus den Baumen entnommen. In Baumen, die mit virulenten und avirulenten Isolaten beimpft worden waren, vermehrten sich die virulenten Isolate vollig dominierend, unabhangig von der Reihenfolge der Inokulation und dem Beprobungszeitpunkt. Wurden jedoch zwei virulente Isolate inokuliert, vermehrten sich diese auch durch Hybridisierung zwischen beiden Isolaten. Erfolgten die Inokulationen mit zwei virulenten Isolaten zeitlich gestaffelt, nahm die relative Haufigkeit der Nematoden mit dem PCR-RFLP-Muster des zuerst inokulierten Isolates mit zeitlicher Distanz zu den Inokulationsterminen zu. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Populationsstruktur von B. xylophilus innerhalb eines Baumes in Abhangigkeit von der Virulenz der ubertragenen Nematodenpopulationen und der Reihenfolge ihrer Ubertragung variiert.
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