WHERE DOES TECHNOLOGY FIT IN THE GEOSPATIAL DESIGN AND PLANNING PROFESSIONS?

The societal transformations facilitated in part by geospatial design technological advances have brought new challenges to territorial planning. This paper analyzes the evolution of geospatial design and planning education in the United States by emphasizing the criticality of sustainable transportation planning in facilitating the partial resolution of some of the land use – transportation problems commonly found in environmental justice communities. The paper is in six parts. Part one is a review of geospatial design and planning education in the United States. Part two progresses from education to desired planning skills and a smart cities’ framework. Part three is an overview of the dilemmas found in environmental justice communities. Part four explains why technology based on vehicles alone will not create more sustainable transportation. Part five is the case study of an environmental justice community in Albany, New York. Finally, part six makes some concluding remarks.

[1]  C. Balsas.  Progress and 'Acts of God' in the age of climate change virility , 2019, International Journal of Global Environmental Issues.

[2]  Hannah Lebovits.  Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor , 2018, Public Integrity.

[3]  Johan Woxenius,et al.  Port-centric cities: The role of freight distribution in defining the port-city relationship , 2018 .

[4]  R. Caves,et al.  Are Planning Programs Delivering What Planning Students Need? Perspectives on Planning Education from Practitioners , 2018 .

[5]  L. Rodwin.  The Profession of City Planning: Changes, Images, and Challenges: 1950-200 , 2017 .

[6]  M. Wachs.  Education for Transportation Planning in a New Century , 2017 .

[7]  Carlos J. L. Balsas,et al.  Blending Individual Tenacity with Government’s Responsibility in the Implementation of US Non-motorized Transportation Planning (NMT) , 2017 .

[8]  A. V. D. Brink,et al.  “Design makes you understand”—Mapping the contributions of designing to regional planning and development , 2016 .

[9]  P. Apparicio,et al.  Road traffic noise in Montreal and environmental equity: What is the situation for the most vulnerable population groups? , 2016 .

[10]  M. Arefi,et al.  Exploring pedagogical opportunities between architecture and planning: the case of University of Nevada, Las Vegas , 2016 .

[11]  Ralph Buehler,et al.  The multimodal majority? Driving, walking, cycling, and public transportation use among American adults , 2015 .

[12]  Matthew W. Wilson.  On the criticality of mapping practices: Geodesign as critical GIS? , 2015 .

[13]  Eric Gossett,et al.  Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think , 2015 .

[14]  Biagio F. Giannetti,et al.  Sustainable transportation strategies for decoupling road vehicle transport and carbon dioxide emissions , 2015 .

[15]  M. Novák.  Urbanism and Architecture , 2015 .

[16]  Michael D. Kennedy,et al.  Globalizing Knowledge: Intellectuals, Universities, and Publics in Transformation , 2014 .

[17]  Joseph Ferrandino,et al.  Incorporating GIS as an Interdisciplinary Pedagogical Tool Throughout an MPA Program , 2014 .

[18]  Glenn S. Johnson,et al.  LIVING ON THE FRONTLINE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSAULT: LESSONS FROM THE UNITED STATES MOST VULERABLE COMMUNITIES , 2014 .

[19]  Bernd Scholl,et al.  Educating planners in Europe: A review of 21st century study programmes , 2014 .

[20]  P. Tiwari,et al.  Real Estate in the New Economy , 2014 .

[21]  Wei Li,et al.  Disparities in exposure to automobile and truck traffic and vehicle emissions near the Los Angeles-Long Beach port complex. , 2014, American journal of public health.

[22]  F. Moulaert,et al.  Epistemology of Space: Exploring Relational Perspectives in Planning, Urbanism, and Architecture , 2013 .

[23]  Reza Banai,et al.  Cities and Regions: The Urban Sustainability, Planning, Pedagogy, and Technology Nexus , 2013 .

[24]  N. Montessori.  Seeking Spatial Justice , 2012 .

[25]  R. Freestone.  Futures Thinking in Planning Education and Research , 2012 .

[26]  Ann Forsyth.  Commentary: Alternative Cultures in Planning Research—From Extending Scientific Frontiers to Exploring Enduring Questions , 2012 .

[27]  Mayer Hillman.  The implications of climate change for the future of the car , 2012 .

[28]  B. Wee,et al.  Shifting gear: beyond classical mobility policies and urban planning , 2012 .

[29]  Lisa K. Bates,et al.  Planning’s Core Curriculum: Knowledge, Practice, and Implementation , 2011 .

[30]  Ann Forsyth,et al.  Suburban technopoles as places: The international campus-garden-suburb style , 2010 .

[31]  Mickey Lauria.  ACSP at 50: Introduction , 2010 .

[32]  Michael Bayer,et al.  Becoming an Urban Planner: A Guide to Careers in Planning and Urban Design , 2010 .

[33]  Asad J. Khattak,et al.  Toward Sustainable Transport: Conventional and Disruptive Approaches in the U.S. Context , 2010 .

[34]  Deborah A. Lange.  Polluted and Dangerous: America's Worst Abandoned Properties and What Can Be Done About Them , 2009 .

[35]  Joel D. Kaufman,et al.  The spatial relationship between traffic-generated air pollution and noise in 2 US cities. , 2009, Environmental research.

[36]  N. Phelps,et al.  If geography is anything, maybe it's planning's alter ego? Reflections on policy relevance in two disciplines concerned with place and space , 2008 .

[37]  David Banister,et al.  The sustainable mobility paradigm , 2008 .

[38]  Linda C. Dalton,et al.  Preparing Planners for the Breadth of Practice , 2007 .

[39]  Jason Corburn,et al.  Urban land use, air toxics and public health: Assessing hazardous exposures at the neighborhood scale , 2007 .

[40]  Carissa Schively,et al.  Understanding the NIMBY and LULU Phenomena: Reassessing Our Knowledge Base and Informing Future Research , 2007 .

[41]  L. Schweitzer,et al.  Right Answers, Wrong Questions: Environmental Justice as Urban Research , 2007 .

[42]  Andrea Irmgard Frank,et al.  Three Decades of Thought on Planning Education , 2006 .

[43]  Jennifer S. Evans-Cowley,et al.  The growth of e-government in municipal planning , 2006 .

[44]  Timothy W. Collins,et al.  The geography of despair: Environmental racism the the making of South Phoenix, Arizona, USA , 2005 .

[45]  Kent E. Portney,et al.  Civic Engagement and Sustainable Cities in the United States , 2005 .

[46]  H. Kurtz.  Alternative visions for citizenship practice in an environmental justice dispute , 2005 .

[47]  S. Graham.  The Cybercities Reader , 2004 .

[48]  Julian Agyeman,et al.  Toward Just Sustainability in Urban Communities: Building Equity Rights with Sustainable Solutions , 2003 .

[49]  Dustin Cable,et al.  Environmental Justice , 2003 .

[50]  Howard Rheingold,et al.  Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution , 2002 .

[51]  Manuel Pastor,et al.  Which Came First? Toxic Facilities, Minority Move-In, and Environmental Justice , 2001 .

[52]  Carlos J. L. Balsas.  Cities, Automobiles, and Sustainability , 2001 .

[53]  William J. Mitchell,et al.  Digital Places: Building Our City of Bits , 2000 .

[54]  A. Duany,et al.  Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream , 2000 .

[55]  C. Boone,et al.  Creating a Toxic Neighborhood in Los Angeles County , 1999 .

[56]  Phil. Goodwin,et al.  Unintended effects of transport policies , 1998 .

[57]  C. Tanner,et al.  Teaching is a practice. , 1997, The Journal of nursing education.

[58]  Joe Podolsky,et al.  City of bits: space, place and the infobahn , 1995, CSOC.

[59]  Anthony James Catanese,et al.  Planners on Planning: Leading Planners Offer Real-Life Lessons on What Works, What Doesn't, and Why , 1996 .

[60]  L. Pulido.  A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM RESEARCH , 1996 .

[61]  John Adams,et al.  Can technology save us , 1996 .

[62]  John Friedmann,et al.  The Core Curriculum in Planning Revisited , 1996 .

[63]  Charles Hoch,et al.  What Planners Do: Power, Politics, and Persuasion , 1994 .

[64]  D. Schoen.  Educating the reflective practitioner , 1987 .