Italian combat aircraft have played an increasing important role in the international missions in which Italy has participated in the post-Cold War era - from the First Gulf War to Libya, including Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and Afghanistan. This participation has been a signicant tool of Italy's defense policy, and therefore of its foreign policy towards crisis areas relevant to its national interests (from the Western Balkans to the Mediterranean), as well as towards its most important allies within NATO and the EU. This IAI publication analyses the role of these military capabilities in recent operations and their prospects for the future. In fact, a number of trends can be inferred from the operational experience in ten international missions, in which Italy deployed more than 100 combat aircraft in more than 13,000 sorties, clocking up 36,000 �ight hours. These trends are considered in light of the recent developments in the doctrine of Air Power, as well as possible future scenarios for the use of combat aircraft in crisis theaters. The aim of the analysis is to understand the needs of the Italian Armed Forces - the Air Force and Navy in particular - which will have to replace a substantial portion of their current combateets in the near future due to the gradual obsolescence of the aircraft in service - an operational necessity linked to the inevitable political decisions regarding the options available in theeld of military procurement for maintaining the capabilities required so far for international missions. In this context, the