This paper applies energy analysis and economic analysis in order to assess the application of solar photovoltaics (PVs) in buildings. Comparison is made both to electricity supply from centralised PV plants and to conventional electricity sources. The comparison with conventional sources reveals that there is currently a significant trade-off between the environmental and economic implications of PVs: there are substantial resource benefits to be gained from using PVs to supply electricity, but the economic cost of doing so is significantly higher than conventional sources. This trade-off is reduced when the benefits of building integrated PVs (BiPVs) are considered. By comparison with centralised PV plants, BiPV systems offer the “double dividend” of reduced economic costs and improved environmental performance. This double dividend is increased if the economic and energy costs of avoided cladding materials are taken into account.
[1]
N. Georgescu-Roegen.
Energy Analysis and Economic Valuation
,
1979
.
[2]
F. Roberts.
Energy accounting of alternative energy sources
,
1980
.
[3]
Donald Rutherford.
Dictionary of economics
,
1992
.
[4]
David Milborrow.
Wind energy economics
,
1995
.
[5]
T. Jackson,et al.
The market for solar photovoltaics
,
1999
.
[6]
John Gusdorf.
Energy paybacks and renewable breeders
,
1992
.
[7]
N. Mortimer.
Energy analysis of renewable energy sources
,
1991
.
[8]
Thomas Jackson,et al.
The evolution of economic and environmental cost for crystalline silicon photovoltaics
,
2000
.
[9]
Malcolm Slesser,et al.
Energy in the economy
,
1978
.
[10]
C. Jones,et al.
Investment Appraisal and Financial Decisions
,
1991
.