Hepatic imaging. An overview.

For optimal detection and characterization of focal or diffuse liver disease, it is essential to obtain the most appropriate imaging test in the correct clinical setting. Access to clinical information and medical history is, therefore, essential. Moreover, familiarity with currently available modalities for imaging the liver [figure: see text] allows the optimal use of the technical advances in ultrasound imaging, CT scanning, MR imaging, and nuclear scintigraphy technology and contributes to improved diagnostic accuracy.

[1]  T. Murakami,et al.  Hepatic malignancies: usefulness of acquisition of multiple arterial and portal venous phase images at dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. , 1996, Radiology.

[2]  M. Federle,et al.  Hypervascular liver metastases: do unenhanced and hepatic arterial phase CT images affect tumor detection? , 1997, Radiology.

[3]  M D Phillips,et al.  Multisection CT: scanning techniques and clinical applications. , 2000, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[4]  D O Cosgrove,et al.  Hepatic malignancies: improved detection with pulse-inversion US in late phase of enhancement with SH U 508A-early experience. , 2000, Radiology.

[5]  R. Nelson,et al.  Diagnostic approach to hepatic hemangiomas. , 1990, Radiology.

[6]  S E Seltzer,et al.  Hepatic MR imaging with ferumoxides: a multicenter clinical trial of the safety and efficacy in the detection of focal hepatic lesions. , 1995, Radiology.

[7]  I. Kamel,et al.  Living adult right lobe liver transplantation: imaging before surgery with multidetector multiphase CT. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[8]  H. Van Vlierberghe,et al.  Value of MR cholangiography in the evaluation of postoperative biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation , 2000, European Radiology.

[9]  M. Federle,et al.  Detection of vascular complications after liver transplantation: early experience in multislice CT angiography with volume rendering. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[10]  K J Wolf,et al.  Phase-inversion sonography during the liver-specific late phase of contrast enhancement: improved detection of liver metastases. , 2001, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[11]  M Takahashi,et al.  Multiple-phase helical CT of the liver for detecting small hepatomas in patients with liver cirrhosis: contrast-injection protocol and optimal timing. , 1996, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[12]  W. Chapman,et al.  Staging recurrent metastatic colorectal carcinoma with PET. , 1997, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[13]  B. Marincek,et al.  Detection of liver metastases: comparison of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced and unenhanced MR imaging at 1.5 T with dynamic CT, intraoperative US, and percutaneous US. , 1995, Radiology.

[14]  W. Chapman,et al.  Positron emission tomography to stage suspected metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver. , 1996, American journal of surgery.

[15]  Y. Yamashita,et al.  Phased array breath‐hold versus non‐breath‐hold MR imaging of focal liver lesions: A prospective comparative study , 1997, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[16]  A. Alavi,et al.  Nuclear imaging of solid hepatic masses. , 1995, Seminars in roentgenology.

[17]  M. Taupitz,et al.  Liver metastases: improved detection with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging? , 1997, Radiology.

[18]  R Frayne,et al.  Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[19]  M. Ozaki,et al.  Evaluation of liver tumors using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET: characterization of tumor and assessment of effect of treatment. , 1992, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[20]  V. Runge,et al.  Detectability of small liver metastases with gadolinium BOPTA. , 1997, Investigative radiology.

[21]  J Konishi,et al.  Contribution of PET in the detection of liver metastases from pancreatic tumours. , 1999, Clinical radiology.

[22]  P. Mergo,et al.  Characterization of focal hepatic lesions with ferumoxides-enhanced T2-weighted MR imaging. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[23]  K. Ishak,et al.  Accumulation of technetium-99m sulfur colloid by hepatocellular adenoma: scintigraphic-pathologic correlation. , 1987, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[24]  N. Weg,et al.  Liver lesions: improved detection with dual-detector-array CT and routine 2.5-mm thin collimation. , 1998, Radiology.

[25]  D C Harrison,et al.  Dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced three‐dimensional abdominal MR arteriography , 1993, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[26]  C. Auboyer,et al.  Contribution of cholescintigraphy to the early diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis in intensive-care-unit patients , 1999, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[27]  S. Seki,et al.  Clinical usefulness of positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in the diagnosis of liver tumors , 2000, Annals of nuclear medicine.

[28]  C. Kuni,et al.  Radionuclide Imaging of Hepatic and Biliary Disease , 2001, Seminars in liver disease.

[29]  H. Sekihara,et al.  Contrast‐enhanced, wide‐band harmonic gray scale imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with helical computed tomographic findings. , 2001, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[30]  M P Sandler,et al.  Evaluation of benign vs malignant hepatic lesions with positron emission tomography. , 1998, Archives of surgery.

[31]  B L Holbert,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation with biphasic, contrast-enhanced, helical CT. , 1996, Radiology.

[32]  W F Bennett,et al.  Efficacy and safety of mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP) injection for hepatic MRI in adults: Results of the U.S. Multicenter phase III clinical trials. Efficacy of early imaging , 2000, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.