ENDOSCOPIC SURGICAL SKILL QUALIFICATION SYSTEM (ESSQS) OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY (JSES)

The sensational reports on the success of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in France and the United States in 1989 prompted the rapid increase in the number of surgeons who offered endoscopic surgical procedures to their patients throughout the world. In Japan, the popularity of endoscopic surgeries has also exploded since the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully performed in 1990 and the Japanese Society of Endoscopic Surgery (JSES) was established in 1991. In the initial stages of the JSES meetings, the majority of the papers presented were reports of cases in which endoscopic surgery was successfully carried out, but at the same time, it was explained that many cases were converted to open surgery or re-operated with intra-operative or postoperative complications. The most popular claims encountered in the initial stages of the JSES were intraoperative accidents or complications caused by procedures performed beyond their expertise or institutional capabilities, insufficient intraoperative consultation, inadequate supervision of trainees, unsafe