Alumina gel injections into the temporal lobe of rhesus monkeys cause complex partial seizures and morphological changes found in human temporal lobe epilepsy

The goal of the present study was to determine whether alumina gel injections into temporal lobe structures cause complex partial seizures (CPS) and pathological changes observed in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Rhesus monkeys with alumina gel injections in the amygdala, perirhinal and entorhinal cortices, or Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus all initially displayed focal pathological electroencephalographic (EEG) slowing limited to the site of injection. After clinical seizures developed, they also displayed widespread pathological EEG slowing over both hemispheres, interictal and ictal epileptiform EEG abnormalities limited to the mesial–inferior temporal lobe on the side of injection, and different degrees of spread to other ipsilateral and contralateral structures.

[1]  T. Freund,et al.  Delayed cell death in the contralateral hippocampus following kainate injection into the CA3 subfield , 1995, Neuroscience.

[2]  C. Ribak,et al.  Postnatal development and synaptic connections of hilar mossy cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rhesus monkeys , 1995, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[3]  M. Okazaki,et al.  Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and synapse formation after status epilepticus in rats: Visualization after retrograde transport of biocytin , 1995, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[4]  J. Mazziotta,et al.  Hippocampal neuronal loss and regional hypometabolism in temporal lobe epilepsy , 1994, Annals of neurology.

[5]  R. S. Sloviter,et al.  The functional organization of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and its relevance to the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy , 1994, Annals of neurology.

[6]  R. Schwarcz,et al.  Preferential neuronal loss in layer III of the entorhinal cortex in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy , 1993, Epilepsy Research.

[7]  T. Freund,et al.  Selective neuronal death in the contralateral hippocampus following unilateral kainate injections into the CA3 subfield , 1993, Neuroscience.

[8]  Kazuyuki Nakajima,et al.  Functional roles of microglia in the brain , 1993, Neuroscience Research.

[9]  C. Léránth,et al.  Calretinin immunoreactivity in the monkey hippocampal formation—I. Light and electron microscopic characteristics and co-localization with other calcium-binding proteins , 1993, Neuroscience.

[10]  Y. Ben-Ari,et al.  Epilepsy induced collateral sprouting of hippocampal mossy fibers: Does it induce the development of ectopic synapses with granule cell dendrites? , 1993, Hippocampus.

[11]  A. Valavanis,et al.  Surgery and results of selective amygdala-hippocampectomy in one hundred patients with nonlesional limbic epilepsy. , 1993, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[12]  C. Léránth,et al.  Electron microscopic immunocytochemical study of the distribution of parvalbumin‐containing neurons and axon terminals in the primate dentate Gyrus and Ammon's horn , 1993, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[13]  G. M. Peterson,et al.  Morphological evidence for altered synaptic organization and structure in the hippocampal formation of seizure‐sensitive gerbils , 1992, Hippocampus.

[14]  S. Spencer,et al.  Morphological Patterns of Seizures Recorded Intracranially , 1992, Epilepsia.

[15]  C. Ribak,et al.  Ultrastructural features of primate granule cell bodies show important differences from those of rats: axosomatic synapses, somatic spines and infolded nuclei , 1992, Brain Research.

[16]  T. Babb,et al.  Synaptic reorganization by mossy fibers in human epileptic fascia dentata , 1991, Neuroscience.

[17]  T. F. Freund,et al.  Parvalbumin‐ and calbindin D28K‐immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal formation of the macaque monkey , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[18]  M. Frotscher,et al.  Basket cells in the monkey fascia dentata: A Golgi/electron microscopic study , 1991, Journal of Neurocytology.

[19]  C. Houser.  Granule cell dispersion in the dentate gyrus of humans with temporal lobe epilepsy , 1990, Brain Research.

[20]  M. Sperling,et al.  Auras and subclinical seizures: Characteristics and prognostic significance , 1990, Annals of neurology.

[21]  M. Frotscher,et al.  Morphological variability is a characteristic feature of granule cells in the primate fascia dentata: A combined Golgi/electron microscope study , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[22]  P H Crandall,et al.  Ictal localization of temporal lobe seizures with scalp/sphenoidal recordings , 1989, Neurology.

[23]  G. Cascino,et al.  Mossy fiber synaptic reorganization in the epileptic human temporal lobe , 1989, Annals of neurology.

[24]  R. Bakay,et al.  A selective decrease in the number of GABAergic somata occurs in pre-seizing monkeys with alumina gel granuloma , 1989, Epilepsy Research.

[25]  L F Quesney,et al.  Depth electrode investigations in patients with bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities , 1989, Annals of neurology.

[26]  T. Babb,et al.  Distribution of glutamate‐decarboxylase‐immunoreactive neurons and synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampus: Light and electron microscopy , 1988, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[27]  J. Cavazos,et al.  Synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus induced by abnormal functional activity. , 1988, Science.

[28]  L. Mrzljak,et al.  Basal dendrites of granule cells are normal features of the fetal and adult dentate gyrus of both monkey and human hippocampal formations , 1987, Brain Research.

[29]  R. S. Sloviter,et al.  Decreased hippocampal inhibition and a selective loss of interneurons in experimental epilepsy. , 1987, Science.

[30]  James E. Vaughn,et al.  Time course of the reduction of GABA terminals in a model of focal epilepsy: a glutamic acid decar☐ylase immunocytochemical study , 1986, Brain Research.

[31]  R. Bakay,et al.  A decrease in the number of GABAergic somata is associated with the preferential loss of GABAergic terminals at epileptic foci , 1986, Brain Research.

[32]  W. Oertel,et al.  A regional increase in the number of hippocampal GABAergic neurons and terminals in the seizure-sensitive gerbil , 1985, Brain Research.

[33]  Y. Ben-Ari,et al.  Limbic seizure and brain damage produced by kainic acid: Mechanisms and relevance to human temporal lobe epilepsy , 1985, Neuroscience.

[34]  C. Ribak,et al.  A preferential loss of GABAergic, symmetric synapses in epileptic foci: a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of monkey neocortex , 1982, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[35]  R. C. Collins,et al.  Focal cortical seizures cause distant thalamic lesions. , 1982, Science.

[36]  J. Lockard,et al.  Absence of Seizures or Mirror Foci in Experimental Epilepsy After Excision of Alumina and Astrogliotic Scar , 1981, Epilepsia.

[37]  J. E. Vaughn,et al.  Inhibitory, GABAergic nerve terminals decrease at sites of focal epilepsy. , 1979, Science.

[38]  Paul H. Crandall,et al.  Chronic alumina temporal lobe seizures in monkeys , 1978, Experimental Neurology.

[39]  G. V. Goddard,et al.  A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. , 1969, Experimental neurology.

[40]  J H Margerison,et al.  Epilepsy and the temporal lobes. A clinical, electroencephalographic and neuropathological study of the brain in epilepsy, with particular reference to the temporal lobes. , 1966, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[41]  C. Ribak,et al.  Postnatal development of CA3 pyramidal neurons and their afferents in the Ammon's horn of rhesus monkeys , 1995, Hippocampus.

[42]  Jerome Engel,et al.  Outcome with respect to epileptic seizures. , 1993 .

[43]  J. Lauterborn,et al.  The dentate gyrus: a model system for studies of neurotrophin regulation. , 1992, Epilepsy research. Supplement.

[44]  L Seress,et al.  Morphological variability and developmental aspects of monkey and human granule cells: differences between the rodent and primate dentate gyrus. , 1992, Epilepsy research. Supplement.

[45]  G. Ojemann,et al.  Anterior temporal lobectomy for epilepsy. , 1992, Clinical neurosurgery.

[46]  C. Bruton,et al.  The neuropathology of temporal lobe epilepsy , 1988 .

[47]  F. Sharbrough.  Complex Partial Seizures , 1987 .

[48]  J. Voogd,et al.  The human central nervous system : a synopsis and atlas , 1978 .