Modélisation macroscopique de piles PEFC et SOFC pour l'étude de leur couplage

Les travaux de cette these s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet europeen « FELICITAS », dont l’ambition est le developpement de generateurs piles a combustible performants pour les applications transport de type ferroviaire, routier lourd et maritime. Les travaux presentes sont une contribution a l’evaluation d’une hybridation de sources originale ou sont couplees en serie une pile haute temperature de type oxyde solide (SOFC) alimentee en diesel et une pile basse temperature de type electrolyte polymere (PEFC). La SOFC participe ainsi a la fourniture de puissance electrique et contribue egalement au procede de purification du combustible destine a la PEFC en oxydant une fraction de monoxyde de carbone. Un modele macroscopique a ete developpe. La complexite d’une pile a combustible reside dans la prise en compte de son caractere multiphysique : elle est le siege des phenomenes electrochimiques, fluidiques et thermiques. Cette difficulte a ete surmontee en utilisant une analogie avec un circuit electrique equivalent pour unifier ses trois aspects. Un modele de SOFC est propose. Le combustible est un melange d’hydrogene, d’azote, de monoxyde de carbone, de dioxyde de carbone et de vapeur d’eau, de composition proche de celle obtenue a la sortie d’un reformeur. Un banc d’essai specifique a ete concu et realise pour le test de petits empilements afin de valider le modele. Un modele de pile PEFC isotherme a egalement ete developpe sur le meme principe. La validation experimentale a ete faite sur un banc disponible au laboratoire. Une bibliotheque des composants fluidiques d’un generateur a pile combustible a ete enrichie, notamment par un modele de compresseur d’air.

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