Mammography: a contrary view.

Experimental and clinical data on mammography as a tool for population screening are reviewed. The conclusions are that [1] there is good evidence that annual history, physical examination, and mammography can reduce short-term and midrange breast cancer mortality by about one third; [2] the evidence that mammography alone plays a significant role in this reduction is weak and indirect; [4] data on long-term effects of mammography are lacking; [4] no satisfactory investigations of associated radiation hazards have been published; and [5] the possible benefits of mammography have received more emphasis in the clinical literature than have its defects. Promotion of mammography as a general public health measure is premature.

[1]  N C Delarue,et al.  Multiple fluoroscopy of the chest: carcinogenicity for the female breast and implications for breast cancer screening programs. , 1975, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[2]  K. Morgan.  Reducing Medical Exposure to Ionizing Radiation , 1975 .

[3]  Frederick P. Li,et al.  Risk of second tumors in survivors of childhood cancer , 1975, Cancer.

[4]  R. Mole.  Ionizing radiation as a carcinogen: practical questions and academic pursuits The Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture delivered at The British Institute of Radiology on April 18, 1974. , 1975, The British journal of radiology.

[5]  S. Shapiro,et al.  Lead time in breast cancer detection and implications for periodicity of screening. , 1974, American journal of epidemiology.

[6]  S. Way,et al.  The screening of well women for the early detection of breast cancer using clinical examination with thermography and mammography , 1974, Cancer.

[7]  M. Klein,et al.  Examination schedules for breast cancer , 1974, Cancer.

[8]  A. Feinstein,et al.  The auxometric dimension. A new method for using rate of growth in prognostic staging of breast cancer. , 1974, JAMA.

[9]  C. Cameron.  Cancer control: Challenge or chimera? The James Ewing Lecture , 1974, Cancer.

[10]  H. J. Isard,et al.  Low-dose mammography. , 1973, Radiology.

[11]  S. Shapiro,et al.  Evaluation of two contrasting types of screening programs. , 1973, Preventive medicine.

[12]  P. Gillbe.  Xeroradiography of the breast. , 1973, Radiography.

[13]  Gagnon Jh,et al.  Progress in mammography. , 1973 .

[14]  S Shapiro,et al.  Value of mammography in reduction of mortality from breast cancer in mass screening. , 1973, The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine.

[15]  M. Gardner.  Some features of screening programmes. , 1973, British journal of preventive & social medicine.

[16]  W. Waters,et al.  ESR in the community. , 1973, British journal of preventive & social medicine.

[17]  W. Hoeffken,et al.  Messungen der Oberflächendosis bei Aufnahmen mit Spezial-Mammographiegeräten , 1972 .

[18]  S. Shapiro,et al.  Impact of efforts to increase participation in repetitive screenings for early breast cancer detection. , 1972, American journal of public health.

[19]  A M Kellerer,et al.  Radiation Carcinogenesis at Low Doses , 1972, Science.

[20]  R L Egan,et al.  Absorbed dose in mammography using three tungsten and three molybdenum target tubes. , 1971, Radiology.

[21]  W. S. Maxfield,et al.  The synergism between radiation and estrogen in the production of mammary cancer in the rat. , 1971, Cancer research.

[22]  A. Fingerhut,et al.  EVALUATION OF ROENTGEN EXPOSURE IN MAMMOGRAPHY. PART I. SIX VIEWS. , 1970 .

[23]  R. Palmer,et al.  Preliminary evaluation of absorbed dose in mammography. Six views. , 1970, Radiology.

[24]  G. M. Stevens,et al.  Survey mammography as a case finding method for routine and postmastectomized patients. A 5‐year study , 1969, Cancer.

[25]  F. Mettler,et al.  Breast neoplasms in women treated with x rays for acute postpartum mastitis. A pilot study. , 1969, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[26]  M Zelen,et al.  Some pitfalls in the evaluation of screening programs. , 1969, Archives of environmental health.

[27]  J. A. Myrden,et al.  Breast cancer following multiple fluoroscopies during artificial pneumothorax treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. , 1969, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[28]  C K Wanebo,et al.  Breast cancer after exposure to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. , 1968, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  S. Shapiro,et al.  Lead time gained by diagnostic screening for breast cancer. , 1968, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[30]  G. M. Stevens,et al.  Mammography survey for breast cancer detection. A 2‐year study of 1,223 clinically negative asymptomatic women over 40 , 1966, Cancer.

[31]  Witten Dm,et al.  MAMMOGRAPHY AS A ROUTINE SCREENING EXAMINATION FOR DETECTING BREAST CANCER. , 1964 .

[32]  A. Kimball,et al.  Some delayed effects of atom-bomb radiations in mice. , 1960, Cancer research.

[33]  V P BOND,et al.  Studies on radiation-induced mammary gland neoplasia in the rat. III. Relation of the neoplastic response to dose of total-body radiation. , 1960, Radiation research.

[34]  E. Cronkite,et al.  MECHANISM OF INDUCTION OF MAMMARY NEOPLASMS IN RATS BY RADIATION: RELATION TO DOSE AND OVARIAN STATUS , 1958 .

[35]  E. Lorenz.  Some biologic effects of long continued irradiation. , 1950, The American journal of roentgenology and radium therapy.

[36]  S. Shapiro.  Screening for early detection of cancer and heart disease. , 1975, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine.

[37]  A. Fingerhut,et al.  EVALUATION OF ROENTGEN EXPOSURE IN MAMMOGRAPHY. PART II. FOUR VIEWS. , 1970 .