A review of design consideration for Doubly Fed Induction Generator based wind energy system

Abstract In the design of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), the electrical, dielectric, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical considerations are essential in the design. The generator speed, rotor and stator windings, core, rotor slots, and the insulation system must also be considered for practical designs as wind turbines in the range of 2 MW. In this paper, the conflicting design requirements reconciled for the construction DFIGs with high reliability and efficiency in the wind farm applications.

[1]  Sheng Yang,et al.  A Speed-Adaptive Reduced-Order Observer for Sensorless Vector Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator-Based Variable-Speed Wind Turbines , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[2]  Eduard Muljadi,et al.  Releasable Kinetic Energy-Based Inertial Control of a DFIG Wind Power Plant , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[3]  Emrad Hossain,et al.  Performance analysis of diode-bridge-type non-superconducting fault current limiter in improving transient stability of DFIG based variable speed wind generator , 2017 .

[4]  Essam S Hamdi,et al.  Design of Small Electrical Machines , 1994 .

[5]  R.C. Bansal,et al.  Three-phase self-excited induction generators: an overview , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[6]  Yoshiharu Kaneda,et al.  The role of microscopic defects in multistress aging of micaceous insulation , 1995 .

[7]  Dheeman Chatterjee,et al.  Active Power Control of DFIG-Based Wind Farm for Improvement of Transient Stability of Power Systems , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Thermal profile analysis of Doubly-Fed induction generator based wind power converter with air and liquid cooling methods , 2013, 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE).

[9]  Carolina M. Affonso,et al.  Effects of operational limits of DFIG wind turbines on long-term voltage stability studies , 2017 .

[10]  V. T. Ranganathan,et al.  Variable-Speed Wind Power Generation Using a Doubly Fed Wound Rotor Induction Machine: A Comparison with Alternative Schemes , 2002 .

[11]  Hossein Torkaman,et al.  Multi-input DC/DC converters in connection with distributed generation units – A review , 2016 .

[12]  Greg Asher,et al.  A doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters supplying an isolated load from a variable speed wind turbine , 1996 .

[13]  Valentin Azbe,et al.  Transient stability of a large doubly-fed induction machine in a pumped-storage plant , 2017 .

[14]  Abdeslam Mebarki,et al.  Design Aspects of High-Speed High-Power-Density Laminated-Rotor Induction Machines , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Rui Zhang,et al.  Insulation endurance under combined thermal and electrical stresses in wind turbine generator , 2015, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM).

[16]  H. Torkaman,et al.  Influence of ambient and test conditions on insulation resistance/polarization index in HV electrical machines– a survey , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[17]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Wind Energy: The World's Fastest Growing Energy Source , 2006 .

[18]  M. Barnes,et al.  Thermal cycling evaluation for DFIG wind turbine power converter based on joint modelling , 2013, 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[19]  Jin-Woo Jung,et al.  Enhanced crowbarless FRT strategy for DFIG based wind turbines under three-phase voltage dip , 2017 .

[20]  Hossein Torkaman,et al.  Optimal Design of Coreless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Reduced Cost Considering Improved PM Leakage Flux Model , 2017 .

[21]  E Gockenbach,et al.  Behavior of machine insulation systems subjected to accelerated thermal aging test , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[22]  Firuz Zare,et al.  Analysis, calculation and reduction of shaft voltage in induction generators , 2009 .

[23]  Bingsen Wang,et al.  Real-time optimization of thermal cycling capability of rotor side converter in doubly fed induction generator- based wind energy conversion system , 2015, 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS).

[24]  Poul Ejnar Sørensen,et al.  Wind Turbine Blockset in Matlab/Simulink , 2004 .

[25]  H. G. Sedding,et al.  Relative ability of UHF antenna and VHF capacitor methods to detect partial discharge in turbine generator stator windings , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[26]  Mohit Singh,et al.  Simulation tool to assess mechanical and electrical stresses on wind turbine generators , 2013, 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[27]  Muhammad Asghar Saqib,et al.  Power-quality issues and the need for reactive-power compensation in the grid integration of wind power , 2015 .

[28]  Mohsen Rahimi.  Dynamic performance assessment of DFIG-based wind turbines: A review , 2014 .

[29]  A. Petersson.  Analysis, Modeling and Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators for Wind Turbines , 2005 .

[30]  H. Torkaman,et al.  Measurement variations of insulation resistance/polarization index during utilizing time in HV electrical machines – A survey , 2015 .

[31]  Mohd. Hasan Ali,et al.  Future research directions for the wind turbine generator system , 2015 .

[32]  Sigrid Mechthild Bolik.  Modelling and Analysis of Variable Speed Wind Turbines with Induction Generator during Grid Fault , 2004 .

[33]  Eric David,et al.  Impact of humidity on dielectric response of rotating machines insulation system , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[34]  Bhim Singh,et al.  Sensorless control of single voltage source converter-based doubly fed induction generator for variable speed wind energy conversion system , 2014 .

[35]  Mamadou Lamine Doumbia,et al.  Novel fuzzy logic based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy for wind turbine systems driven DFIG (doubly-fed induction generator) , 2014 .

[36]  E. David,et al.  Temperature dependence of the resistance of modern epoxy mica insulation of HV rotating machines , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[37]  A. Beroual,et al.  Influence of pollution constituents on DC flashover of high voltage insulators , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[38]  Hossein Torkaman,et al.  Design Optimization of Direct-Coupled Ironless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generator With Low Cost and High Annual Energy Yield , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[39]  Yong Liao,et al.  Evaluation of the effects of rotor harmonics in a doubly-fed induction generator with harmonic induced speed ripple , 2003 .

[40]  Ramesh C. Bansal,et al.  Parallel R-L configuration crowbar with series R-L circuit protection for LVRT strategy of DFIG under transient-state , 2018 .

[41]  Mustapha Koussa,et al.  Assessment of various WTG (wind turbine generators) production in different Algerian's climatic zones , 2016 .

[42]  F.T. Emery.  Partial discharge, dissipation factor, and corona aspects for high voltage electric generator stator bars and windings , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[43]  K. R. Rajagopal,et al.  Computer aided design of a compact doubly-fed induction generator for small wind power application , 2010, 2010 Joint International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems & 2010 Power India.

[44]  Mohd. Hasan Ali,et al.  Transient stability improvement of doubly fed induction generator based variable speed wind generator using DC resistive fault current limiter , 2016 .

[45]  Lie Xu,et al.  Dynamic Modeling and Control of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines Under Unbalanced Network Conditions , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[46]  S. K. Salman,et al.  Performance comparison of fixed-speed and doubly-fed induction generator under torsional oscillations , 2006 .

[47]  Lie Xu,et al.  Improved Direct Power Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Energy System , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference.

[48]  Uwe Schäfer,et al.  Optimized Design of High-Speed Induction Motors in Respect of the Electrical Steel Grade , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[49]  Valéria Hrabovcová,et al.  Design of Rotating Electrical Machines , 2009 .

[50]  S. S. Choi,et al.  Design of Variable-Speed Dish-Stirling Solar–Thermal Power Plant for Maximum Energy Harness , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[51]  Jin-Woo Jung,et al.  Doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbines: A comprehensive review of fault ride-through strategies , 2015 .

[52]  Ramesh Kumar Tripathi,et al.  A novel voltage and frequency controller for standalone DFIG based Wind Energy Conversion System , 2014 .

[53]  G. Stone,et al.  Electrical Insulation for Rotating Machines , 2003 .

[54]  He Yi-kang,et al.  The Internal Model Current Control for Wind Turbine Driven Doubly-Fed Induction Generator , 2006, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[55]  Wlodzimierz Koczara,et al.  Sensorless Direct Voltage Control of the Stand-Alone Slip-Ring Induction Generator , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[56]  P. Viarouge,et al.  Optimizing the Annual Energy Production of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbines , 2007, 2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference.

[57]  C. Attaianese,et al.  2-D mechanical and magnetic analysis of a 10 MW doubly fed induction generator for direct-drive wind turbines , 2009, 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[58]  Eduard Muljadi,et al.  Mechanical stress reduction in variable speed wind turbine drivetrains , 2011, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[59]  W. McDermid,et al.  Strategies to maximize life of rotating machines windings , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[60]  William Chen,et al.  Design challenges of wind turbine generators , 2009, 2009 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference.

[61]  Poul Ejnar Sørensen,et al.  Unbalanced voltage faults: the impact on structural loads of doubly fed asynchronous generator wind turbines , 2014 .

[62]  Michael Negnevitsky,et al.  Internal electrical protection of wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator , 2016 .

[63]  H. Torkaman,et al.  Optimized Fuzzy-Cuckoo Controller for Active Power Control of Battery Energy Storage System, Photovoltaic, Fuel Cell and Wind Turbine in an Isolated Micro-Grid , 2017 .

[64]  Mohd Wazir Mustafa,et al.  Review on active filters and its performance with grid connected fixed and variable speed wind turbine generator , 2016 .

[65]  Babak Badrzadeh.  Qualitative performance assessment of semiconductor switching device, converter and generator candidates for 10 MW offshore wind turbine generators , 2011 .

[66]  Sajjad Tohidi,et al.  A comprehensive review of low voltage ride through of doubly fed induction wind generators , 2016 .

[67]  A. Pemen,et al.  Propagation of partial discharge signals in stator windings of turbine generators , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[68]  G. Stone,et al.  Investigations into the effect of humidity on stator winding partial discharges , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[69]  R. W. De Doncker,et al.  Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines , 2002 .

[70]  Josep M. Guerrero,et al.  A comprehensive review of low-voltage-ride-through methods for fixed-speed wind power generators , 2016 .

[71]  S. A. Papathanassiou,et al.  Mechanical Stresses in Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines Due to Network Disturbances , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[72]  D. Thukaram,et al.  Accurate modeling of doubly fed induction generator based wind farms in load flow analysis , 2018 .

[73]  Dehong Xu,et al.  Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator to Ride-Through Recurring Grid Faults , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[74]  W. Hofmann,et al.  Investigation of thermal stress in the rotor of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators at synchronous operating point , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC).

[75]  Julio Usaola,et al.  Diagnosis of moisture in oil/paper distribution cables - Part I: Estimation of moisture content using frequency-domain spectroscopy , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[76]  Olimpo Anaya-Lara,et al.  Wind Power Integration: Connection and system operational aspects , 2007 .

[77]  Ying Wang,et al.  Effects of accelerated repetitive impulse voltage aging on performance of model stator insulation of wind turbine generator , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[78]  G. C. Stone,et al.  Common Questions on Partial Discharge Testing: A Review of Recent Developments in IEEE and IEC Standards for Offline and Online Testing of Motor and Generator Stator Windings , 2016, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine.

[79]  Mohd. Hasan Ali,et al.  Comparison among series compensators for transient stability enhancement of doubly fed induction generator based variable speed wind turbines , 2016 .

[80]  Tomonobu Senjyu,et al.  Control of a Stand-Alone Variable Speed Wind Energy Supply System † , 2013 .

[81]  Sun Dan,et al.  Direct power control for wind-turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator with constant switch frequency , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS).

[82]  Mahesh M. Bundele,et al.  A critical review of voltage and reactive power management of wind farms , 2015 .

[83]  Nicholas Jenkins,et al.  Comparison of fixed speed and doubly-fed induction wind turbines during power system disturbances , 2003 .

[84]  Eyhab El-Kharashi,et al.  Accurate assessment of the output energy from the doubly fed induction generators , 2015 .

[85]  Kristofer Nilsson.  TORQUE ESTIMATION OF DOUBLE FED INDUCTION GENERATOR USING A DYNAMIC MODEL AND MEASURED DATA , 2010 .

[86]  S. Perera,et al.  Standalone Operation of Wind Turbine-Based Variable Speed Generators With Maximum Power Extraction Capability , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[87]  Bo Wei,et al.  Multi-physics design of a novel turbine permanent magnet generator used for downhole high-pressure high-temperature environment , 2013 .

[88]  Pragasen Pillay,et al.  A comparison between star and delta connected induction motors when supplied by current source inverters , 1984 .

[89]  M. Hori,et al.  Thermal feasibility study of new type of brushless doubly-fed induction generator: Rotary converter generation system II , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM).

[90]  Andreas Sumper,et al.  A review of high temperature superconductors for offshore wind power synchronous generators , 2014 .

[91]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Adaptive Voltage Control Strategy for Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Connected to a Weak Network , 2016 .

[92]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Flicker Mitigation by Individual Pitch Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines With DFIG , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[93]  F. Osswald,et al.  High voltage insulating structures for accelerators: simulation of transient electrical stresses , 1996 .

[94]  Arnaud Gaillard,et al.  Reactive power compensation and active filtering capability of WECS with DFIG without any over-rating , 2010 .

[95]  Walmir Freitas,et al.  Three-phase doubly fed induction generators: an overview , 2010 .

[96]  A. T. Hermann Houenouvo,et al.  Diagnostics of the transmission properties of the slip ring system in doubly fed induction generators , 2014, 2014 IEEE 60th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm).

[97]  Bjørn Gustavsen,et al.  Influence of the winding design of wind turbine transformers for resonant overvoltage vulnerability , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[98]  Ramesh C. Bansal,et al.  Bibliography on the application of induction generators in nonconventional energy systems , 2003 .