Robust Video Watermarking Based on Temporal Modulation with Error Correcting Code

This article presented a novel robust video watermarking algorithm that satisfies robustness and real-time performance requirements in client-side embedding environments such as IP TV set-top boxes. A watermarked video is generated by temporally modulating the mean chrominance value of each chrominance channel in relation to the watermark pattern according to the watermark message. The watermark pattern is generated based on a histogram analysis of the luminance channel. To improve the robustness, we employed the BCH codes followed by repetition codes during the encoding of the watermark message. The experimental results showed that the proposed watermarking algorithm is resistant to geometrical distortions such as rotation, cropping, scaling, and projective transforms. The proposed watermarking algorithm is also robust against signal processing attacks including compression format conversion and other temporal attacks.

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