Monolithic, W-band, voltage-controlled oscillator

A 77 GHz monolithic voltage-controlled oscillator is described. The active element is a "low-noise" pseudomorphic HEMT. Tuning is achieved with a second HEMT in which the source and drain are connected and the gate-channel capacitance forms a varactor diode. The oscillator has a 3 dB tuning bandwidth of 230 MHz and an output power of 300 /spl mu/W.