Chitinase-like protein 3: A novel niche factor for mouse neural stem cells

The concept of a perivascular niche has been proposed for neural stem cells (NSCs). This study examined endothelial colony-forming cell (ECFC)-secretedproteinsaspotentialnichefactorsforNSCs.IntraventricleinfusionwithECFC-secretedproteinsincreasedthenumberof NSCs. ECFC-secreted proteins were more effective in promoting NSC self-renewal than marrow stromal cell (MSC)-secreted proteins. Dif-ferentialproteomicsanalysisofMSC-secretedandECFC-secretedproteinswasperformed,whichrevealedchitinase-likeprotein3(CHIL3; alsocalledECF-LorYm1)asacandidatenichefactorforNSCs.ExperimentswithrecombinantCHIL3,smallinterferingRNA,andneutral-izing antibodies demonstrated that CHIL3 stimulated NSC self-renewal with neurogenic propensity. CHIL3 was endogenously expressed in the neurogenic niche of the brain and retina as well as in the injured brain and retina. Transcriptome and phosphoproteome analyses revealed that CHIL3 activated various genes and proteins associated with NSC maintenance or neurogenesis. Thus, CHIL3 is a novel niche factor for NSCs.

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