Incentive regulation of electricity distribution networks : Lessons of experience from Britain

This paper reviews the recent experience of the UK electricity distribution sector under incentive regulation. The UK has a significant and transparent history in implementing incentive regulation in the period since 1990. We demonstrate the successes of this period in reducing costs, prices and energy losses while maintaining quality of service. We also draw out the lessons for other countries in implementing distribution sector reform. We conclude by discussing the place of incentive regulation of networks within the wider reform context, the required legislative framework, the need for appropriate unbundling, the importance of quality of service incentives, the regulatory information requirements and the role of sector rationalisation.

[1]  R. Pryke The nationalised industries: Policies and performance since 1968 , 1981 .

[2]  P. Joskow Electricity Sectors in Transition , 1998 .

[3]  Einar Hope,et al.  Deregulation of electricity markets: The Norwegian experience , 2005 .

[4]  S. L. Walton,et al.  A study of the privatisation of the electricity supply industry in England and Wales , 1993 .

[5]  J. Luis Guasch,et al.  Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concessions: Doing it Right , 2004 .

[6]  John Vickers,et al.  Privatization: An Economic Analysis , 1988 .

[7]  Paul H. L. Nillesen,et al.  The Consequences for Consumer Welfare of the 2001-2003 Electricity Distribution Price Review in The Netherlands , 2004 .

[8]  M. Chick The political economy of nationalisation in Britain, 1920–1950: The political economy of nationalisation: the electricity industry , 1995 .

[9]  J. Heggset,et al.  Quality of supply in the deregulated Norwegian power system , 2001, 2001 IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings (Cat. No.01EX502).

[10]  Dieter Helm,et al.  Energy, the State, and the Market: British Energy Policy since 1979 , 2003 .

[11]  Satu Viljainen,et al.  Regulation design in the electricity distribution sector : theory and practice , 2005 .

[12]  L. Fitzgerald,et al.  Service quality in regulated monopolies , 2008 .

[13]  William W. Hogan,et al.  Cost Reductions, Cost Padding, and Stock Market Prices: The Chilean Experience with Price-Cap Regulation , 2008 .

[14]  A. Shleifer,et al.  A Theory of Yardstick Competition , 1985 .

[15]  Jerome L. Stein,et al.  Behavior of the Firm Under Regulatory Constraint , 1972 .

[16]  Thomas G. Weyman-Jones,et al.  COST FUNCTIONS AND COST EFFICIENCY IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION: A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH , 1996 .

[17]  Helen Wallace,et al.  The Council and the European Parliament , 1997 .

[18]  Colin Kirkpatrick,et al.  Electricity sector reform in developing countries: an econometric assessment of the effects of privatization, competition and regulation , 2008 .

[19]  Geoffrey. Randall The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets , 2009 .

[20]  Anna Ter-Martirosyan,et al.  The Effects of Incentive Regulation on Quality of Service in Electricity Markets , 2003 .

[21]  Michael G. Pollitt,et al.  Ownership and Performance in Electric Utilities , 1998 .

[22]  Private Participation in Infrastructure in Colombia: Renegotiations and Disputes , 1999 .

[23]  Stephen Thomas,et al.  Evaluating the British Model of Electricity Deregulation , 2004 .

[24]  Tooraj Jamasb,et al.  Electricity Distribution in the UK and Japan: A Comparative Efficiency Analysis 1985-1998 , 2005 .

[25]  Paul L. Joskow Incentive Regulation for Electricity Networks , 2006 .

[26]  M. Pollitt,et al.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Electricity Market Reform in the European Union: Review of Progress toward Liberalization & Integration* , 2022 .

[27]  Michael R. Schmidt Performance-Based Ratemaking: Theory and Practice , 2000 .

[28]  Dan R. Twaddle,et al.  Price-Cost Margins and Profit Rates in New Zealand Electricity Distribution Networks Since 1994: the Cost of Light Handed Regulation , 2005 .

[29]  Tooraj Jamasb,et al.  Quality of service, efficiency and scale in network industries: an analysis of European electricity distribution , 2009 .

[30]  D. Sappington Regulating Service Quality: A Survey , 2005 .

[31]  P. Joskow,et al.  Incentive Regulation in Theory and Practice: Electricity Distribution and Transmission Networks , 2005 .

[32]  R. Oliveira,et al.  Regulatory performance analysis case study: Britain's electricity industry , 2004 .

[33]  Dag Morten Dalen,et al.  Yardstick Competition and Investment Incentives , 1998 .

[34]  Michael G. Pollitt,et al.  The restructuring and privatisation of the electricity distribution and supply businesses in England and Wales: a social cost-benefit analysis , 2005 .

[35]  C. Growitsch,et al.  Negotiated Third Party Access—An Industrial Organisation Perspective , 2005 .

[36]  F. Trengereid,et al.  Quality-dependent revenue caps--a model for quality of supply , 2001 .

[37]  E. Brousseau,et al.  The Economics of Contracts: Bibliography , 2002 .

[38]  M. A. Abdala Institutions, Contracts and Regulation of Infrastructure in Argentina , 2001 .

[39]  P. Joskow The Economics of Contracts: Electricity sector restructuring and competition: a transactions-cost perspective , 2002 .

[40]  Michael C. Brower,et al.  Lessons from the British restructuring experience , 1997 .

[41]  L. Trujillo,et al.  Price Caps, Efficiency Payoffs and Infrastructure Contract Renegotiation in Latin America , 2003 .

[42]  Sander Onderstal,et al.  Better safe than sorry? Reliability policy in network industries , 2004 .

[43]  Tooraj Jamasb,et al.  Benchmarking and incentive regulation of quality of service: an application to the UK electricity distribution networks , 2005 .

[44]  David P. Baron,et al.  Design of regulatory mechanisms and institutions , 1989 .

[45]  Eduardo H. Saavedra,et al.  Post-Privatization Renegotiation and Disputes in Chile , 1999 .

[46]  Michael G. Pollitt,et al.  The 2001-3 electricity distribution price control review in the Netherlands: regulatory process and consumer welfare , 2007 .

[47]  D. Helm Energy, the state, and the market , 2003 .

[48]  Geraint Johnes,et al.  Technical Efficiency under Alternative Regulatory Regimes: Evidence from the Inter-war British Gas Industry , 2002 .

[49]  Thomas P. Lyon J.J. Laffont and J. Tirole, A theory of incentives in regulation and procurement , 1994 .

[50]  Paul H. L. Nillesen,et al.  Strategic behaviour under regulatory benchmarking , 2004 .

[51]  Peter J. G. Pearson,et al.  Seven Centuries of Energy Services: The Price and Use of Light in the United Kingdom (1300-2000)1 , 2006 .

[52]  Tooraj Jamasb,et al.  Gaming the Regulator: A Survey , 2003 .

[53]  S. Littlechild Privatization, competition and regulation in the British electricity industry, with implications for developing countries , 2000 .

[54]  M. Pollitt,et al.  Future electricity technologies and systems , 2006 .

[55]  Virendra Ajodhia,et al.  Economic regulation of quality in electricity distribution networks , 2005 .

[56]  I. Byatt The British electrical industry, 1875-1914 , 1980 .

[57]  David M Newbery,et al.  Issues and Options for Restructuring Electricity Supply Industries , 2002 .

[58]  Thomas P. Tangerås,et al.  Yardstick Competition and Quality , 2009 .

[59]  Michael G. Pollitt,et al.  The role of efficiency estimates in regulatory price reviews: Ofgem's approach to benchmarking electricity networks , 2005 .

[60]  Paul L. Joskow,et al.  Incentive Regulation For Electric Utilities , 1986 .

[61]  B. Bowers The British Electrical Industry, 1875–1914: The Economic Returns of a New Technology by I. C. R. Byatt (review) , 1980 .

[62]  Electricity market reform in Norway , 2000 .