A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003–2007

The supply of magma to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, was thought to have been steady over the past decades. Measurements of deformation, gas emissions, seismicity and lava composition and temperatures show that instead magma supply from the mantle doubled in 2003–2007, implying that hotspots can provide varying amounts of magma over just a few years.

[1]  L. Crescentini,et al.  Effects of crustal layering on the inversion of deformation and gravity data in volcanic areas: An application to the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy , 2007 .

[2]  P. Segall,et al.  Rapid deformation of Kilauea Volcano: Global Positioning System measurements between 1990 and 1996 , 2000 .

[3]  Fred W. Klein,et al.  Patterns of historical eruptions at Hawaiian volcanoes , 1982 .

[4]  J. M. Rhodes,et al.  Geochemical evidence for invasion of Kilauea's plumbing system by Mauna Loa magma , 1989, Nature.

[5]  R. Fiske,et al.  Inflation of kilauea volcano prior to its 1967-1968 eruption. , 1969, Science.

[6]  Daniel Dzurisin,et al.  A comprehensive approach to monitoring volcano deformation as a window on the eruption cycle , 2003 .

[7]  J. Dieterich,et al.  Analysis of surface deformation data, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: October 1966 to September 1970 , 1983 .

[8]  D. Swanson.  Magma Supply Rate at Kilauea Volcano, 1952-1971 , 1972, Science.

[9]  M. P. Ryan,et al.  Magma reservoir subsidence mechanics: Theoretical summary and application to Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 1983 .

[10]  T. Gerlach,et al.  Summit CO2 emission rates by the CO2/SO2 ratio method at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, during a period of sustained inflation , 2008 .

[11]  J. Eaton,et al.  How Volcanoes Grow. , 1960, Science.

[12]  Valeria Panebianco,et al.  Supplementary Figure 2 , 2012 .

[13]  T. Árnadóttir,et al.  Motion of Kilauea Volcano during sustained eruption from the Puu Oo and Kupaianaha Vents, 1983–1991 , 1993 .

[14]  J. M. Rhodes,et al.  Petrology of lavas from the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea Volcano: III. The Kupaianaha episode (1986–1992) , 1996 .

[15]  Daniel J. Johnson.  Molten core model for Hawaiian rift zones , 1995 .

[16]  W. Ridley,et al.  Kilauea East Rift Zone Magmatism: an Episode 54 Perspective , 2003 .

[17]  S. Hurwitz,et al.  Monitoring a Supervolcano in Repose : Heat and Volatile Flux at the Yellowstone Caldera , 2008 .

[18]  D. Clague,et al.  Role of olivine cumulates in destabilizing the flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes , 1994 .

[19]  K. Mogi.  Relations between the Eruptions of Various Volcanoes and the Deformations of the Ground Surfaces around them , 1958 .

[20]  R. Denlinger.  A dynamic balance between magma supply and eruption rate at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii , 1997 .

[21]  T. Dixon,et al.  Geodetic and Seismic Constraints on Recent Activity at Long Valley Caldera, California: Evidence for Viscoelastic Rheology , 2001 .

[22]  Zhong Lu,et al.  Ground surface deformation patterns, magma supply, and magma storage at Okmok volcano, Alaska, from InSAR analysis , 2010 .

[23]  Michael P. Poland,et al.  Magma degassing triggered by static decompression at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i , 2009 .

[24]  A. Miklius,et al.  Deep Magma Body Beneath the Summit and Rift Zones of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 1990, Science.

[25]  P. Okubo,et al.  Swarms of similar long-period earthquakes in the mantle beneath Mauna Loa Volcano , 2008 .

[26]  A. McGonigle,et al.  Comparison of COSPEC and two miniature ultraviolet spectrometer systems for SO2 measurements using scattered sunlight , 2006 .

[27]  Mark Simons,et al.  Deformation due to a pressurized horizontal circular crack in an elastic half-space, with applications to volcano geodesy , 2001 .

[28]  P. Segall,et al.  Global positioning system measurements on the island of Hawaii, 1993 through 1996 , 1997 .

[29]  P. Cervelli,et al.  Vulcanology: Interaction between Kilauea and Mauna Loa , 2003, Nature.

[30]  C. Thornber,et al.  Geothermometry of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii , 1987 .

[31]  M. Bevis,et al.  January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS , 2000 .

[32]  B. Chouet,et al.  Seismic source mechanism of degassing bursts at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii : results from waveform inversion in the 10–50 s band , 2010 .

[33]  M. Patrick,et al.  Small Explosion From New Vent at Kilauea's Summit , 2008 .

[34]  James Foster,et al.  Magmatically Triggered Slow Slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 2008, Science.

[35]  P. Segall,et al.  Magma compressibility and the missing source for some dike intrusions , 2008 .

[36]  R. Tilling,et al.  Anatomy of a basaltic volcano , 1993, Nature.

[37]  Kenneth M. Yamashita,et al.  Ground deformation associated with the 1975 magnitude-7.2 earthquake and resulting changes in activity of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 1985 .

[38]  C. Bacon.  Time-predictable bimodal volcanism in the Coso Range , 1982 .

[39]  Salvatore Gambino,et al.  Mount Etna 1993–2005: Anatomy of an evolving eruptive cycle , 2006 .

[40]  Paul Segall,et al.  Kilauea slow slip events: Identification, source inversions, and relation to seismicity , 2009 .

[41]  Dieterich,et al.  High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of kilauea, hawaii , 2000, Science.

[42]  F. Sigmundsson,et al.  Comment on " Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kīlauea volcano" by P. T. Delaney and D. F. McTigue , 2000 .

[43]  B. Houghton,et al.  Pigeonholing pyroclasts: Insights from the 19 March 2008 explosive eruption of Kīlauea volcano , 2011 .

[44]  C. W. Chen,et al.  Two-dimensional phase unwrapping with use of statistical models for cost functions in nonlinear optimization. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[45]  S. Owen,et al.  Rapid Deformation of the South Flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 1995, Science.

[46]  Timothy Masterlark,et al.  Magma intrusion and deformation predictions: Sensitivities to the Mogi assumptions , 2007 .

[47]  C. Werner,et al.  Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical applications , 1998 .

[48]  W. Teplow,et al.  Dacite Melt at the Puna Geothermal Venture Wellfield, Big Island of Hawaii , 2008 .

[49]  D. W. Peterson,et al.  Storage, migration, and eruption of magma at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1971–1972 , 1982 .

[50]  Sang-Ho Yun,et al.  Stress Control of Deep Rift Intrusion at Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii , 2007, Science.

[51]  M. Bevis,et al.  Slow earthquakes on the flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i , 2005 .

[52]  J. Zumberge,et al.  Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks , 1997 .

[53]  T. Farr,et al.  Shuttle radar topography mission produces a wealth of data , 2000 .

[54]  Michael Hummel,et al.  Supplementary Figure 3 , 2010 .

[55]  C. Thornber.  Olivine-liquid relations of lava erupted by Kilauea volcano from 1994 to 1998: Implications for shallow magmatic processes associated with the ongoing east-rift-zone eruption , 2001 .

[56]  A. J. Sutton,et al.  Carbon dioxide emission rate of Kīlauea Volcano: Implications for primary magma and the summit reservoir , 2002 .

[57]  D. Dzurisin,et al.  Variations in magma supply rate at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 1993 .

[58]  Y. Okada.  Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space , 1985 .

[59]  T. Masterlark,et al.  Rheologic and structural controls on the deformation of Okmok volcano, Alaska: FEMs, InSAR, and ambient noise tomography , 2010 .

[60]  H. Garbeil,et al.  The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 2002 .

[61]  Michael O. Garcia,et al.  The size and shape of Kilauea Volcano's summit magma storage reservoir: a geochemical probe , 1999 .

[62]  T. Gerlach,et al.  Exsolution of H2O, CO2, and S during eruptive episodes at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 1986 .

[63]  Stephen M. Lichten,et al.  Strategies for high-precision Global Positioning System orbit determination , 1987 .

[64]  D. Mctigue,et al.  Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano , 1994 .

[65]  Howard A. Zebker,et al.  Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii , 2010 .

[66]  D. Dzurisin,et al.  Magma supply and storage at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1956 1983 , 1984 .

[67]  David Clifford Wilson,et al.  New episodes of volcanism at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 2008 .