Partial transcriptome of the developing pituitary gland.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is composed of five hormone-producing cell types and develops from Rathke's pouch, an invagination of oral ectoderm. In mice, rapid cell proliferation occurs in the pouch from embryonic day 12.5 (e12.5) to e14.5, preceding the appearance of most hormone transcripts. Cell-type-specific commitment probably occurs prior to e14.5, but cell differentiation can be demonstrated only by detection of hormone transcripts. Although several transcription factors critical for pouch expansion are known, few of their target genes have been identified. To identify putative transcription factor target genes and cell-type-specific markers, we used differential display PCR analysis of RNA prepared from e12.5 and e14.5 Rathke's pouches. We present an expression profile of the developing pituitary gland including 83 transcripts, 40% of which are novel. The tissue distribution, cell specificity, and developmental regulation were determined for a subset of the transcripts.

[1]  A. Pardee,et al.  Analysis of altered gene expression by differential display. , 1995, Methods in enzymology.

[2]  J. Wit,et al.  Pit-1: clinical aspects. , 1996, Hormone research.

[3]  J. Martinez-Barbera,et al.  Mutations in the homeobox gene HESX1/Hesx1 associated with septo-optic dysplasia in human and mouse , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[4]  Dattani Mt,et al.  The molecular basis for developmental disorders of the pituitary gland in man. , 2001 .

[5]  M. Goedert,et al.  Synaptotagmin V: a novel synaptotagmin isoform expressed in rat brain , 1995, FEBS letters.

[6]  M. Soares,et al.  Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. , 1996, Genome research.

[7]  S. Mackem,et al.  Rpx: a novel anterior-restricted homeobox gene progressively activated in the prechordal plate, anterior neural plate and Rathke's pouch of the mouse embryo. , 1996, Development.

[8]  B. Mosinger,et al.  Specification of Pituitary Cell Lineages by the LIM Homeobox Gene Lhx3 , 1996, Science.

[9]  A. Tashjian,et al.  Establishment of clonal strains of rat pituitary tumor cells that secrete growth hormone. , 1968, Endocrinology.

[10]  John A. Phillips,et al.  Mutations in PROP1 cause familial combined pituitary hormone deficiency , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[11]  A. Grüters,et al.  Mutations in LHX3 result in a new syndrome revealed by combined pituitary hormone deficiency , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[12]  N. Colburn,et al.  Molecular cloning of five messenger RNAs differentially expressed in preneoplastic or neoplastic JB6 mouse epidermal cells: one is homologous to human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3. , 1994, Cancer research.

[13]  A. Pardee,et al.  Distribution and cloning of eukaryotic mRNAs by means of differential display: refinements and optimization. , 1993, Nucleic acids research.

[14]  C. Teinturier,et al.  Human Prop‐1: cloning, mapping, genomic structure , 1998, FEBS letters.

[15]  J. Cogan,et al.  Impaired adrenocorticotropin-adrenal axis in combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by a two-base pair deletion (301-302delAG) in the prophet of Pit-1 gene. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[16]  H. McMahon,et al.  The amphiphysin family of proteins and their role in endocytosis at the synapse , 1998, Trends in Neurosciences.

[17]  Donna K. Slonim,et al.  Radiation hybrid map of the mouse genome , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[18]  G. King,et al.  Glucose induced genes in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells identified by mRNA differential display , 1994, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[19]  V. Chapman,et al.  A molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 18 reveals extensive linkage conservation with human chromosomes 5 and 18. , 1992, Genomics.

[20]  S. Kumar,et al.  Identification of a set of genes with developmentally down-regulated expression in the mouse brain. , 1992, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[21]  C. Flück,et al.  Phenotypic variability in familial combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by a PROP1 gene mutation resulting in the substitution of Arg-->Cys at codon 120 (R120C). , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[22]  L. Chalifour,et al.  Improvements to the differential display method for gene analysis. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[23]  A. Tashjian.  [46] Clonal strains of hormone-producing pituitary cells , 1979 .

[24]  Yusuke Nakamura,et al.  A ribonucleotide reductase gene involved in a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint for DNA damage , 2000, Nature.

[25]  T. Südhof,et al.  Structure of the murine rab3A gene: correlation of genomic organization with antibody epitopes. , 1993, The Biochemical journal.

[26]  J. Bronstein,et al.  Involvement of OSP/claudin‐11 in oligodendrocyte membrane interactions: Role in biology and disease , 2000, Journal of neuroscience research.

[27]  R. Kelly,et al.  Two distinct intracellular pathways transport secretory and membrane glycoproteins to the surface of pituitary tumor cells , 1982, Cell.

[28]  M. Marcinkiewicz,et al.  The mouse homeoprotein mLIM-3 is expressed early in cells derived from the neuroepithelium and persists in adult pituitary. , 1994, DNA and cell biology.

[29]  E. Mardis,et al.  An encyclopedia of mouse genes , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[30]  Larry W. Swanson,et al.  Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1 , 1990, Nature.

[31]  S. Camper,et al.  The Pit-1 transcription factor gene is a candidate for the murine Snell dwarf mutation. , 1990, Genomics.

[32]  B. Trask,et al.  Identification, characterization, and mapping of a mouse homolog of the gene mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome , 1999, Cytogenetic and Genome Research.

[33]  Y. Kubo,et al.  KQT2, a new putative potassium channel family produced by alternative splicing. Isolation, genomic structure, and alternative splicing of the putative potassium channels. , 1998, Receptors & channels.

[34]  S. Camper,et al.  Genealogy of the Anterior Pituitary Gland: Tracing a Family Tree , 1999, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.

[35]  Maria R. Davis,et al.  A first-generation whole genome-radiation hybrid map spanning the mouse genome. , 1997, Genome research.

[36]  N. Copeland,et al.  Amphiphysin (Amph) maps to the proximal region of mouse chromosome 13. , 1995, Genomics.

[37]  A. Pardee,et al.  Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. , 1992, Science.

[38]  X. Chen,et al.  Chromosomal localization of murine and human oligodendrocyte-specific protein genes. , 1996, Genomics.

[39]  P. Williamson,et al.  Differential expression of putative transbilayer amphipath transporters. , 1999, Physiological genomics.

[40]  Thomas L. Madden,et al.  Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[41]  J. Cogan,et al.  The PROP1 2-base pair deletion is a common cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[42]  S. Camper,et al.  Dosage requirement of Pitx2 for development of multiple organs. , 1999, Development.

[43]  B. Kwon,et al.  Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone for human tyrosinase that maps at the mouse c-albino locus. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  S. Camper,et al.  The Ames dwarf gene, df, is required early in pituitary ontogeny for the extinction of Rpx transcription and initiation of lineage-specific cell proliferation. , 1996, Molecular endocrinology.

[45]  Wei Wu,et al.  Pituitary lineage determination by the Prophet of Pit-1 homeodomain factor defective in Ames dwarfism , 1996, Nature.

[46]  L. Baumbach,et al.  Clinical and biochemical phenotype of familial anterior hypopituitarism from mutation of the PROP1 gene. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[47]  D. Watkins-Chow,et al.  How many homeobox genes does it take to make a pituitary gland? , 1998, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[48]  A. Latronico,et al.  Longitudinal hormonal and pituitary imaging changes in two females with combined pituitary hormone deficiency due to deletion of A301,G302 in the PROP1 gene. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[49]  Mouse Chromosome 7 , 1991 .

[50]  M. Karin,et al.  GHF-1-promoter-targeted immortalization of a somatotropic progenitor cell results in dwarfism in transgenic mice. , 1993, Genes & development.

[51]  P. Mellon,et al.  An α-Subunit-Secreting Cell Line Derived from a Mouse Thyrotrope Tumor , 1990 .

[52]  B. Rudy,et al.  Chromosomal mapping of the potassium channel genes Kcnq2 and Kcnq3 in mouse. , 1999, Genomics.

[53]  H. Laverty,et al.  Murine CASK is disrupted in a sex-linked cleft palate mouse mutant. , 1998, Genomics.

[54]  J. Windle,et al.  Cell lines of the pituitary gonadotrope lineage derived by targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice. , 1990, Molecular endocrinology.