Use of molecular markers for entomological diversity assessment and their application in population study of aphids

L'utilisation de marqueurs moleculaires est l'un des outils les plus importants en developpement dans le domaine de la genetique des populations. Ces elements doivent etre pris en consideration avant de selectionner l'approche moleculaire la plus efficace aux questions et modeles cibles. Diverses approches en termes de marqueurs moleculaires sont decrites en relation avec l’etude des populations de pucerons : le bar-coding, les allozymes, le polymorphisme de longueurs de fragments de restriction (RFLP), le polymorphisme de longueur de fragment amplifie (AFLP), l’ADN polymorphe amplifie aleatoirement (RAPD), l’ADN microsatellite (SSR, STR), les repetitions de sequences inter-simples (ISSRs), le polymorphisme nucleotidique simple (SNP), l'ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt). La synthese des applications de ces methodes a l'etude de populations des pucerons est presentee ainsi que les principaux facteurs affectant la diversite genetique des pucerons. Cette demarche vise a fournir une base pour la selection des marqueurs moleculaires dans la genetique des populations aphidiennes. La connaissance approfondie des approches appliquees permettra l'etude de la diversite genetique de pucerons encore non/peu etudies pour investiguer les aspects evolutifs au sein de ces especes entomologiques.

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