Biofluid Mechanics of the Pulmonary System

Presents an overview of leading areas of discovery in biofluid mechanics related to the pulmonary system, with particular reference to the airways. Areas briefly reviewed include airway gas dynamics, impedance studies, collapsible-tube studies, and airway liquid studies. Emphasis is placed on promising further directions, such as analysis of interacting fluid-mechanical or fluid-structure phenomena, multi-scale modeling across widely varying length and time scales, and integration of advanced simulations into respiratory investigation and pulmonary medicine.

[1]  D. Navajas,et al.  Effect of expiratory flow limitation on respiratory mechanical impedance: a model study. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[2]  N Gavriely,et al.  Theory and measurements of snores. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[3]  D. Gaver,et al.  An experimental investigation of oscillating flow in a tapered channel , 1986, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[4]  J J Fredberg,et al.  Pressure profiles show features essential to aerodynamic valving in geese. , 1991, Respiration physiology.

[5]  J. Drazen,et al.  Airway wall liquid. Sources and role as an amplifier of bronchoconstriction. , 1995, Chest.

[6]  H. Lorino,et al.  Respiratory impedance response to continuous negative airway pressure in awake controls and OSAS. , 2001, The European respiratory journal.

[7]  J B Grotberg,et al.  Respiratory fluid mechanics and transport processes. , 2001, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[8]  B Louis,et al.  Dual assessment of airway area profile and respiratory input impedance from a single transient wave. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[9]  I. Titze,et al.  Voice simulation with a body-cover model of the vocal folds. , 1995, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[10]  D. Halpern,et al.  OSCILLATORY SHEAR STRESS INDUCED STABILIZATION OF THIN FILM INSTABILITIES , 2000 .

[11]  R D Kamm,et al.  Dynamic surface tension of surfactant TA: experiments and theory. , 1994, Journal of applied physiology.

[12]  M. Nishida,et al.  Gas dispersion in a model pulmonary bifurcation during oscillatory flow. , 1997, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[13]  J S Ultman,et al.  Mechanically induced pendelluft flow in a model airway bifurcation during high frequency oscillation. , 1991, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[14]  D. Macleod,et al.  Respiratory input impedance measurement: Forced oscillation methods , 2001, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[15]  J B Grotberg,et al.  Liquid plug flow in straight and bifurcating tubes. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[16]  J. Fredberg,et al.  Periodic flow at airway bifurcations. II. Flow partitioning. , 1990, Journal of applied physiology.

[17]  G A Livesay,et al.  The use of a universal force-moment sensor to determine in-situ forces in ligaments: a new methodology. , 1995, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[18]  D. Gaver,et al.  An experimental model investigation of the opening of a collapsed untethered pulmonary airway. , 1995, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[19]  M. Heil,et al.  Airway closure: occluding liquid bridges in strongly buckled elastic tubes. , 1999, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[20]  O E Jensen,et al.  A theoretical study of surfactant and liquid delivery into the lung. , 1998, Journal of applied physiology.

[21]  M. Papo,et al.  High-frequency partial liquid ventilation in respiratory distress syndrome: hemodynamics and gas exchange. , 1998, Journal of applied physiology.

[22]  Ingo R Titze,et al.  A three-dimensional model of vocal fold abduction/adduction. , 2004, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[23]  Donald P. Gaver,et al.  Droplet spreading on a thin viscous film , 1992, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[24]  C. Ribreau,et al.  Interaction between steady flow and individualised compliant segments: Application to upper airways , 1997, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[25]  D Elad,et al.  Computational model of oscillatory airflow in a bronchial bifurcation. , 1998, Respiration physiology.

[26]  James B. Grotberg,et al.  PULMONARY FLOW AND TRANSPORT PHENOMENA , 1994 .

[27]  Donald P. Gaver,et al.  The influence of non-equilibrium surfactant dynamics on the flow of a semi-infinite bubble in a rigid cylindrical capillary tube , 2003, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[28]  D. Halpern,et al.  Dynamics and transport of a localized soluble surfactant on a thin film , 1992, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[29]  K. Tanishita,et al.  Augmentation of axial dispersion by intermittent oscillatory flow. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[30]  David Elad,et al.  Air-conditioning characteristics of the human nose , 2004, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.

[31]  Oliver E. Jensen,et al.  Insoluble surfactant spreading on a thin viscous film: shock evolution and film rupture , 1992, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[32]  J. Fredberg,et al.  Understanding the pressure cost of ventilation: Why does high‐frequency ventilation work? , 1994, Critical care medicine.

[33]  K. Oka,et al.  Oscillatory flow and gas transport through a symmetrical bifurcation. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[34]  I. Titze,et al.  Normal vibration frequencies of the vocal ligament. , 2004, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[35]  Donald P. Gaver,et al.  The steady propagation of a bubble in a flexible-walled channel: Asymptotic and computational models , 2002 .

[36]  Timothy J. Pedley,et al.  Multiple solutions and flow limitation in collapsible channel flows , 2000, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[37]  T Aittokallio,et al.  A model of a snorer's upper airway. , 1999, Mathematical biosciences.

[38]  K. Strohl,et al.  Role of viscoelasticity in tube model of airway reopening. I. Nonnewtonian sols. , 1994, Journal of applied physiology.

[39]  R. Kamm,et al.  The nonlinear growth of surface-tension-driven instabilities of a thin annular film , 1991, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[40]  Bijan Pesaran,et al.  The role of nonlinear dynamics of the syrinx in the vocalizations of a songbird , 1998, Nature.

[41]  H. Stanley,et al.  VOLUME DISTRIBUTIONS OF AVALANCHES IN LUNG INFLATION : A STATISTICAL MECHANICAL APPROACH , 1997 .

[42]  D. Gaver,et al.  An investigation of pulmonary surfactant physicochemical behavior under airway reopening conditions. , 2000, Journal of applied physiology.

[43]  Albert-László Barabási,et al.  Avalanches and power-law behaviour in lung inflation , 1994, Nature.

[44]  D. Gaver,et al.  Interaction between airway lining fluid forces and parenchymal tethering during pulmonary airway reopening. , 1995, Journal of applied physiology.

[45]  A. Nahum.  Partial Liquid Ventilation , 2003 .

[46]  J. Grotberg,et al.  The propagation of a surfactant laden liquid plug in a capillary tube , 2002 .

[47]  J. Michel,et al.  Diagostic value of respiratory impedance measurements in elderly subjects. , 2001, Respiratory medicine.

[48]  J. Grotberg,et al.  Oscillatory flow and mass transport in a curved tube , 1988, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[49]  K. v. Neergaard,et al.  Neue Auffassungen über einen Grundbegriff der Atemmechanik , 1929 .

[50]  G. Karniadakis,et al.  Dispersion in a curved tube during oscillatory flow , 1991, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[51]  D. Halpern,et al.  Fluid-elastic instabilities of liquid-lined flexible tubes , 1992, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[52]  O. Jensen.  An asymptotic model of viscous flow limitation in a highly collapsed channel. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[53]  R. Kamm,et al.  The effect of secondary motion on axial transport in oscillatory tube flow , 1988, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[54]  Wolfgang Schröder,et al.  Numerical simulation of the flow field in a model of the nasal cavity , 2003 .

[55]  D. Gaver,et al.  Influences of parenchymal tethering on the reopening of closed pulmonary airways. , 1994, Journal of applied physiology.

[56]  Lixi Huang,et al.  Biomechanics of snoring. , 1995, Endeavour.

[57]  N. Gavriely,et al.  Flutter in flow-limited collapsible tubes: a mechanism for generation of wheezes. , 1989, Journal of applied physiology.

[58]  James B. Grotberg,et al.  Flutter and long-wave instabilities in compliant channels conveying developing flows , 1997, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[59]  R. Kamm,et al.  Bolus dispersal through the lungs in surfactant replacement therapy. , 1999, Journal of applied physiology.

[60]  D. Schoenfeld,et al.  Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[61]  J J Fredberg,et al.  Airway area by acoustic reflection: a corrected derivation for the two-microphone method. , 1999, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[62]  M. Papo,et al.  Perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange (PAGE): gas ventilation of the perfluorocarbon filled lung. , 1994, Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology.

[63]  D. Gaver,et al.  Airway reopening pressure in isolated rat lungs. , 1994, Journal of applied physiology.

[64]  James B. Grotberg,et al.  Nonlinear saturation of the Rayleigh instability due to oscillatory flow in a liquid-lined tube , 2003, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[65]  D. Gaver,et al.  Effects of surface tension and viscosity on airway reopening. , 1990, Journal of applied physiology.

[66]  Ivo Weinhold,et al.  Numerical simulation of airflow in the human nose , 2004, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck.

[67]  A S Slutsky,et al.  Invited review: mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury: a perspective. , 2000, Journal of applied physiology.

[68]  B. Zinman,et al.  Alternative routes of insulin delivery , 2003, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[69]  David W. Kaczka,et al.  Optimal ventilation waveforms for estimating low-frequency respiratory impedance. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[70]  Donald P. Gaver,et al.  The dynamics of a localized surfactant on a thin film , 1990, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[71]  R. Kamm,et al.  Role of pulmonary surfactant in airway closure: a computational study. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[72]  T. Wilson,et al.  Effects of surface tension and intraluminal fluid on mechanics of small airways. , 1997, Journal of applied physiology.

[73]  Christopher D. Bertram,et al.  Experimental Studies of Collapsible Tubes , 2003 .

[74]  J. Grotberg,et al.  BIOFLUID MECHANICS IN FLEXIBLE TUBES , 2001 .

[75]  Arthur S Slutsky,et al.  Tidal ventilation at low airway pressures can augment lung injury. , 1994, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[76]  Steady finite-Reynolds-number flows in three-dimensional collapsible tubes , 2003, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[77]  A. Hazel,et al.  Three-dimensional airway reopening: the steady propagation of a semi-infinite bubble into a buckled elastic tube , 2003, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[78]  Arthur S Slutsky,et al.  Effective pulmonary ventilation with small-volume oscillations at high frequency. , 1980, Science.

[79]  H E Stanley,et al.  Avalanche dynamics of crackle sound in the lung. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[80]  J B Grotberg,et al.  Surfactant effects in model airway closure experiments. , 1999, Journal of applied physiology.

[81]  K. Parker,et al.  The stability of the decaying flow in a suddenly blocked channel , 1976, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[82]  D. Gaver,et al.  Surfactant and Airway Liquid Flows , 2005 .

[83]  Flow distribution in a single bifurcation during high-frequency oscillation. , 1990, Respiration physiology.

[84]  J. Fredberg,et al.  Spreading of exogenous surfactant in an airway. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[85]  Merryn H Tawhai,et al.  Developing integrative computational models of pulmonary structure. , 2003, Anatomical record. Part B, New anatomist.

[86]  D. Halpern,et al.  Surfactant effects on fluid-elastic instabilities of liquid-lined flexible tubes: a model of airway closure. , 1993, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[87]  F. S. Henry,et al.  Kinematically irreversible acinar flow: a departure from classical dispersive aerosol transport theories. , 2002, Journal of applied physiology.

[88]  Timothy J. Pedley,et al.  Modelling Flow and Oscillations in Collapsible Tubes , 1998 .

[89]  Ananth V. Annapragada,et al.  Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow and Aerosol Deposition in Human Lungs , 2004, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[90]  R D Kamm,et al.  Airway wall mechanics. , 1999, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[91]  Gaver,et al.  A Theoretical Model of Pulmonary Surfactant Multilayer Collapse under Oscillating Area Conditions. , 2000, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[92]  K. Strohl,et al.  Role of viscoelasticity in the tube model of airway reopening. II. Non-Newtonian gels and airway simulation. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[93]  Z. C. Feng,et al.  Pendelluft flow in symmetric airway bifurcations. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[94]  N. Gavriely,et al.  Comparative study of intra-airway gas transport by alternative modes of ventilation. , 1995, Journal of applied physiology.

[95]  J. Mead.  Expiratory flow limitation: a physiologist's point of view. , 1980, Federation proceedings.

[96]  J B Grotberg,et al.  Surfactant-spreading and surface-compression disturbance on a thin viscous film. , 1999, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[97]  Unsteady bubble propagation in a flexible channel: predictions of a viscous stick-slip instability , 2005 .

[98]  James B. Grotberg,et al.  Surfactant spreading on thin viscous films: film thickness evolution and periodic wall stretch , 2003 .

[99]  A. Majumdar,et al.  Acoustic evidence of airway opening during recruitment in excised dog lungs. , 2004, Journal of applied physiology.

[100]  D. Halpern,et al.  Interaction of exogenous and endogenous surfactant: spreading-rate effects. , 1995, Journal of applied physiology.

[101]  Minimal liquid bridges in non-axisymmetrically buckled elastic tubes , 1999 .

[102]  R D Kamm,et al.  Gas flow and mixing in the airways , 1994, Critical care medicine.