Fluorescent Ru(phen)3(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles-based ICTS sensor for quantitative detection of enrofloxacin residues in chicken meat.

A Ru(phen)3(2+)-doped silica fluorescent nanoparticle (FN)-based immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) sensor was developed for rapid, high sensitivity, easy to use, and low cost quantitative detection of enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in chicken meat. The fluorescence signal intensity of the FNs at the test line (FI(T)) and control line (FI(C)) was determined with a prototype of a portable fluorescent strip reader. Unique properties of Ru(phen)3(2+) doped silica nanoparticles (e.g., large Stokes shift, high emission quantum yield, and long fluorescence lifetime) were combined with the advantages of ICTS and an easy to make portable fluorescent strip reader. The signal was based on FI(T)/FI(C) ratio to effectively eliminate strip to strip variation and matrix effects. Various parameters that influenced the strip were investigated and optimized. Quantitative ENR detection with the FNs ICTS sensor using 80 μL sample took only 20 min, which is faster than the commercial ELISA kit (that took 90 min). The linear range of detection in chicken extract was established at 0.025-3.500 ng/mL with a half maximal inhibitory concentration at 0.22 ± 0.02 ng/mL. Using the optimized parameters, the limit of detection (LOD) for ENR using the FNs ICTS sensor was recorded at 0.02 ng/mL in chicken extract. This corresponds to 0.12 μg/kg chicken meat which is two (2) orders of magnitude better that the maximum residue limits (MRLs) imposed in Japan (10 μg/kg) and three (3) orders of magnitude better than those imposed in China. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variations (CVs) were 6.04% and 12.96% at 0.5 ng/mL, 6.92% and 12.61% at 1.0 ng/mL, and 6.66% and 11.88% at 2.0 ng/mL in chicken extract, respectively. The recoveries using the new FNs ICTS sensor from fifty (50) ENR-spiked chicken samples showed a highly significant correlation (R(2) = 0.9693) with the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The new FNs ICTS sensor is a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive quantitative detection of ENR residues in chicken meat and extracts.

[1]  Ye Xu,et al.  Multiple fluorescent labeling of silica nanoparticles with lanthanide chelates for highly sensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. , 2007, Clinical chemistry.

[2]  Huijie Huang,et al.  Development of an up-converting phosphor technology-based 10-channel lateral flow assay for profiling antibodies against Yersinia pestis. , 2010, Journal of microbiological methods.

[3]  Jindřich Kopeček,et al.  Antigen Responsive Hydrogels Based on Polymerizable Antibody Fab′ Fragment , 2003 .

[4]  Jelka Pleadin,et al.  Clenbuterol residues in pig muscle after repeat administration in a growth-promoting dose. , 2010, Meat science.

[5]  Jiumin Yang,et al.  Quantum dot-based immunochromatography test strip for rapid, quantitative and sensitive detection of alpha fetoprotein. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  D. Pyo,et al.  NEW TRENDS IN FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY , 2012, Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry.

[7]  Chunhai Fan,et al.  A carbon nanotube-based high-sensitivity electrochemical immunosensor for rapid and portable detection of clenbuterol. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  Robert H. Poppenga,et al.  Evaluation of a rapid screening method for chemical contaminants of concern in four food-related matrices using QuEChERS extraction, UHPLC and high resolution mass spectrometry , 2011, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[9]  J. Lu,et al.  Interfacial recognition of human prostate-specific antigen by immobilized monoclonal antibody: effects of solution conditions and surface chemistry , 2012, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[10]  Fei Xu,et al.  A novel quantum dot-based fluoroimmunoassay method for detection of Enrofloxacin residue in chicken muscle tissue , 2009 .

[11]  Hyuk-Jae Chang,et al.  Development of a point-of-care assay system for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in whole blood. , 2003, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[12]  Lei Zhou,et al.  Rapid and quantitative detection of Brucella by up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral-flow assay. , 2009, Journal of microbiological methods.

[13]  Sindhuja Sankaran,et al.  Odorant binding protein based biomimetic sensors for detection of alcohols associated with Salmonella contamination in packaged beef. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[14]  Xilin Zhao,et al.  Lateral flow immunoassay using europium chelate-loaded silica nanoparticles as labels. , 2009, Clinical chemistry.

[15]  Juan Tang,et al.  Enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay with catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol and recycling of p-aminophenol using gold nanoparticles-coated carbon nanotubes as nanocatalysts. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[16]  Shixin Xu,et al.  Preparation of polyclonal antibodies and development of a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect residues of phenylethanolamine A in urine samples. , 2012, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[17]  T. Aastrup,et al.  Optimizing immobilization on two-dimensional carboxyl surface: pH dependence of antibody orientation and antigen binding capacity. , 2010, Analytical biochemistry.

[18]  R. Niessner,et al.  Magnetic nanogold microspheres-based lateral-flow immunodipstick for rapid detection of aflatoxin B2 in food. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  Weihong Tan,et al.  Ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules with fluorescent dye-doped nanoparticles. , 2004, Analytical biochemistry.

[20]  Kun Zhao,et al.  Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for simultaneous detection of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin , 2011, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B.

[21]  José M Pingarrón,et al.  Ultrasensitive detection of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) using disposable phenylboronic-modified electrochemical immunosensors. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  Young Min Kim,et al.  Point-of-care fluorescence immunoassay for prostate specific antigen. , 2009, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[23]  Man Teng,et al.  Development of a lateral flow colloidal gold immunoassay strip for the rapid detection of enrofloxacin residues. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[24]  Liane M. Rossi,et al.  Fluorescent silica nanospheres for digital counting bioassay of the breast cancer marker HER2/nue , 2006 .

[25]  Jing Wang,et al.  Rapid quantitative detection of Yersinia pestis by lateral-flow immunoassay and up-converting phosphor technology-based biosensor , 2006, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[26]  Minghui Yang,et al.  Electrochemical immunosensors for cancer biomarker with signal amplification based on ferrocene functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[27]  Zhifeng Fu,et al.  Highly sensitive near-simultaneous assay of multiple "lean meat agent" residues in swine urine using a disposable electrochemiluminescent immunosensors array. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[28]  J. Shim,et al.  Determination of the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin in edible chicken muscle by supercritical fluid extraction and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  Jun Li,et al.  Tuning the emission properties of Ru(phen)3(2+) doped silica nanoparticles by changing the addition time of the dye during the Stöber process. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[30]  Songcheng Yu,et al.  A competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for rapid and sensitive determination of enrofloxacin. , 2012, Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy.

[31]  Lav R. Khot,et al.  Development and evaluation of piezoelectric-polymer thin film sensors for low concentration detection of volatile organic compounds related to food safety applications , 2011 .

[32]  D. Reinhoudt,et al.  Dendritic ruthenium(II)-based dyes tuneable for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. , 2011, Chemistry.

[33]  T. Hianik,et al.  Influence of ionic strength, pH and aptamer configuration for binding affinity to thrombin. , 2007, Bioelectrochemistry.

[34]  Dan Du,et al.  Quantum dot-based immunochromatographic fluorescent biosensor for biomonitoring trichloropyridinol, a biomarker of exposure to chlorpyrifos. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[35]  Zeng-hong Xie,et al.  Determination of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin by high performance capillary electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection. , 2005, Journal of separation science.

[36]  Rapid determination of hazardous compounds in food based on a competitive fluorescence microsphere immunoassay. , 2008, Analytical biochemistry.

[37]  D. S. Schmidt,et al.  Validation and long term performance characteristics of a quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human anti-PA IgG. , 2012, Journal of immunological methods.