Membrane mass spectrometer inlet for quantitation of nitric oxide.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important physiological and biochemical messenger that may be involved in endogenous carcinogenesis and cell toxicity via formation of N-nitroso compounds or direct DNA damage by nitrosating agents arising from the reaction of NO with O2. To study the reaction of NO with O2 in model systems and the formation and disappearance of NO in more physiological systems such as cell cultures, we adapted and optimized a membrane mass spectrometer inlet specifically for such analyses. The inlet consisted of Silastic tubing inserted into a Swagelok 'tee', which was attached to the mass spectrometer via the tuning probe. Kinetics of NO disappearance can be followed under electron impact conditions until NO2 interferes via the formation of NO+ during fragmentation of NO2+. The aqueous NO concentration for minimum detection was determined to be 1.4 microM. The inlet response time to step changes in aqueous NO concentrations was 7.0 s, fast enough to permit real-time measurements of aqueous NO changes upon addition of O2. Finally, the depletion of aqueous NO was observed in the presence of O2. The relative steady state responses of inlets designed for gas or aqueous samples, and their relative response times, are explained by an analysis based on mass transfer theory.

[1]  S H Snyder,et al.  Biological roles of nitric oxide. , 1992, Scientific American.

[2]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  DNA damage and mutation in human cells exposed to nitric oxide in vitro. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  Solomon H. Snyder,et al.  Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger , 1992, Neuron.

[4]  L. Ignarro,et al.  Nitric Oxide as a Mediator of Relaxation of the Corpus Cavernosum in Response to Nonadrenergic, Noncholinergic Neurotransmission , 1992 .

[5]  T. Cebula,et al.  DNA deaminating ability and genotoxicity of nitric oxide and its progenitors. , 1991, Science.

[6]  R. Cooks,et al.  Theoretical analysis of probe dynamics in flow injection/membrane introduction mass spectrometry , 1991 .

[7]  R. Cooks,et al.  Direct determination of chlorination products of organic amines using membrane introduction mass spectrometry , 1991 .

[8]  S. Moncada,et al.  Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. , 1991, Pharmacological reviews.

[9]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Endogenous incorporation of nitric oxide from L-arginine into N-nitrosomorpholine stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the rat. , 1991, Carcinogenesis.

[10]  Ramani Narayan,et al.  On-line monitoring of bioreactions of Bacillus polymyxa and Klebsiella oxytoca by membrane introduction tandem mass spectrometry with flow injection analysis sampling , 1990 .

[11]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Nitrate biosynthesis in rats, ferrets and humans. Precursor studies with L-arginine. , 1990, Carcinogenesis.

[12]  J. C. Tou,et al.  Mass spectrometric system for the measurement of aroma/flavor permeation rates across polymer films , 1990 .

[13]  J. C. Tou,et al.  Hollow fiber membrane probes for the in situ spectrometric monitoring of nitrogen trichloride formation during wastewater treatment , 1989 .

[14]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  L-arginine is a precursor for nitrate biosynthesis in humans. , 1989, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[15]  R. Busse,et al.  Generation of nitric oxide by human neutrophils. , 1989, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[16]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Nitrosation by stimulated macrophages. Inhibitors, enhancers and substrates. , 1989, Carcinogenesis.

[17]  H. Schmidt,et al.  Formation and release of nitric oxide from human neutrophils and HL‐60 cells induced by a chemotactic peptide, platelet activating factor and leukotriene B4 , 1989, FEBS letters.

[18]  J. Hibbs,et al.  Nitric oxide: a cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule. , 1988, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[19]  M. Marletta,et al.  Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitrite and nitrate: nitric oxide is an intermediate. , 1988, Biochemistry.

[20]  M. Marletta.  Mammalian synthesis of nitrite, nitrate, nitric oxide, and N-nitrosating agents. , 1988, Chemical Research in Toxicology.

[21]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Use of ascorbic acid to inhibit nitrosation: kinetic and mass transfer considerations for an in vitro system. , 1988, Carcinogenesis.

[22]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Bacterial catalysis of nitrosation: involvement of the nar operon of Escherichia coli , 1988, Journal of bacteriology.

[23]  E. Heinzle,et al.  Mass Spectrometry for On-line Monitoring of Biotechnological Processes , 1987, Biotechnology Methods.

[24]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Nitrosation of amines by stimulated macrophages. , 1987, Carcinogenesis.

[25]  S. Moncada,et al.  Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor , 1987, Nature.

[26]  R. Cooks,et al.  Membrane interface for selective introduction of volatile compounds directly into the ionization chamber of a mass spectrometer , 1987 .

[27]  R. Cooks,et al.  In vivo mass spectrometric determination of organic compounds in blood with a membrane probe. , 1987, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Mechanisms for nitrite loss from the stomach. , 1986, Carcinogenesis.

[29]  H. Degn,et al.  Stopped flow mass spectrometry: applications to the carbonic anhydrase reaction. , 1986, Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods.

[30]  H. Bartsch,et al.  Screening of microorganisms for nitrosation catalysis at pH 7 and kinetic studies on nitrosamine formation from secondary amines by E. coli strains. , 1985, Carcinogenesis.

[31]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Metabolic fate of an oral dose of 15N-labeled nitrate in humans: effect of diet supplementation with ascorbic acid. , 1983, Cancer research.

[32]  S R Tannenbaum,et al.  Nitrate biosynthesis in man. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  M. Klapper,et al.  Permeable membrane-mass spectrometric measurement of reaction kinetics , 1981 .

[34]  M. C. Archer,et al.  Nitrosamine formation in human saliva. , 1978, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[35]  S. Moncada,et al.  Protective and pathological roles of nitric oxide in endotoxin shock. , 1992, Cardiovascular research.

[36]  R. Cooks,et al.  Direct insertion membrane probe for selective introduction of organic compounds into a mass spectrometer , 1990 .

[37]  K.-H. Bellgardt,et al.  On-line analysis of fermentation media , 1984 .

[38]  G. V. Parkinson,et al.  Mass transfer from small capillaries with wall resistance in the laminar flow regime , 1970 .