Analysis of Spontaneous Reports of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Associated with Marketed Systemic Fluoroquinolones Made to the Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Program

ABSTRACT Hypoglycemia, an adverse effect that may develop rapidly and progress to cause potentially serious consequences over a short period of time, is difficult to monitor in both outpatients and inpatients, and may be associated with serious central nervous system sequelae. Four recently published cases of severe acute hypoglycemia with gatifloxacin stimulated a review of the published literature and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports made in Canada on fluoroquinolone-induced hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. A search of the English literature for published reports of hypoglycemia associated with ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin revealed 2 published case reports of hypoglycemia attributed to the potential drug–drug interaction of an oral hypoglycemic agent with ciprofloxacin; 4 such reports with gatifloxacin; and no reports with either levofloxacin or moxifloxacin. All spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions made to the Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Program (CADRMP) listed under the Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders category for the 3 marketed respiratory fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) were then obtained. Altogether, 25 (93%) of 27 reports in this category were due to either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia with gatifloxacin; 4 (11%) of 35 reports, with levofloxacin; and 1 (10%) of 10 reports, with moxifloxacin. The number of case reports for hypoglycemia (x2 = 24; p RESUME L’hypoglycemie, effet indesirable qui peut survenir rapidement et dont l’evolution peut entrainer des consequences graves en peu de temps, est difficile a surveiller tant chez les patients hospitalises qu’externes, et peut etre associee a de graves sequelles sur le systeme nerveux central. Quatre cas d’hypoglycemie aigue grave secondaire a l’administration de gatifloxacine publies recemment ont motive une revue de la litterature et des notifications volontaires des effets indesirables des medicaments au Canada relatives a l’hypoglycemie et a l’hyperglycemie attribuables aux fluoroquinolones. Une recherche bibliographique de rapports publies en anglais sur l’hypoglycemie associee a l’administration de ciprofloxacine, de gatifloxacine, de levofloxacine et de moxifloxacine ont mis au jour deux rapports de cas d’hypoglycemie attribuable a l’interaction medicamenteuse potentielle entre un hypoglycemiant oral et la ciprofloxacine, quatre en relation avec la gatifloxacine et aucun en relation avec la levofloxacine ou la moxifloxacine. Toutes les notifications volontaires d’effets indesirables des medicaments effectuees dans le cadre du Programme canadien de surveillance des effets indesirables des medicaments (PCSEIM), dans la categorie troubles du metabolisme et de la nutrition, relativement aux trois fluoroquinolones respiratoires commercialisees (gatifloxacine, levofloxacine et moxifloxacine) ont par la suite ete obtenues. Dans l’ensemble, 25 rapports sur 27 (93 %) dans cette categorie etaient attribuables a des cas d’hypoglycemie ou d’hyperglycemie causees par la gatifloxacine; 4 sur 35 (11 %) a des cas causes par la levofloxacine, et 1 sur 10 (10 %) a un cas cause par la moxifloxacine. Le nombre de rapports de cas d’hypoglycemie (x2 = 24; p

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