Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior.

Bullying victimization is associated with several health issues. Prevention of bullying is therefore an important goal for health and education professionals. In the present study, 2766 children from 32 Dutch elementary schools participated by completing a questionnaire on bullying behavior, and the involvement of teachers, parents and classmates in bullying incidents. The results of this study show that bullying is still prevalent in Dutch schools. More than 16% of the children aged 9-11 years reported being bullied on a regular basis and 5.5% reported regular active bullying during the current school term. Almost half of the bullied children did not tell their teacher that they were being bullied. When teachers knew about the bullying, they often tried to stop it, but in many cases the bullying stayed the same or even got worse. With regard to active bullying, neither the majority of the teachers nor parents talked to the bullies about their behavior. Our results stress the importance of regular communication between children, parents, teachers and health care professionals with regard to bullying incidents. In addition, teachers need to learn effective ways to deal with bullying incidents. Schools need to adopt a whole-school approach with their anti-bullying interventions.

[1]  D. Cross,et al.  The Friendly Schools Project: An Empirically Grounded School-based Bullying Prevention Program , 2003 .

[2]  M. F. van der Wal,et al.  Psychosocial health among young victims and offenders of direct and indirect bullying. , 2003, Pediatrics.

[3]  H. Cowie,et al.  tackling bullying through the curriculum , 2002 .

[4]  D. Thompson,et al.  T•H•R•E•E the role of whole-school policies in tackling bullying behaviour in schools , 2002 .

[5]  B. B. Jensen,et al.  Models of Health Promoting Schools in Europe , 2002 .

[6]  Sarah N. Woods,et al.  Bullying and victimization of primary school children in England and Germany: prevalence and school factors. , 2001, British journal of psychology.

[7]  J B Carlin,et al.  Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[8]  Ramani S. Pilla,et al.  Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth: Prevalence and Association With Psychosocial Adjustment , 2001 .

[9]  Sarah N. Woods,et al.  The association between direct and relational bullying and behaviour problems among primary school children. , 2000, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[10]  Rob Limper.  Cooperation between parents, teachers, and school boards to prevent bullying in education: An overview of work done in the Netherlands , 2000 .

[11]  S. Cleary.  Adolescent victimization and associated suicidal and violent behaviors. , 2000, Adolescence.

[12]  A Rimpelä,et al.  Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey , 1999, BMJ.

[13]  C. Rissel,et al.  Bullying behaviour and psychosocial health among school students in New South Wales, Australia: cross sectional survey , 1999, BMJ.

[14]  C. Salmivalli,et al.  Participant role approach to school bullying: implications for interventions. , 1999, Journal of adolescence.

[15]  D. Pepler,et al.  Peer involvement in bullying: insights and challenges for intervention. , 1999, Journal of adolescence.

[16]  M. Borg,et al.  The extent and nature of bullying among primary and secondary schoolchildren , 1999 .

[17]  A. Pellegrini,et al.  School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation and victimization in early adolescence. , 1999 .

[18]  D P Farrington,et al.  Brief report: types of bullying among Italian school children. , 1999, Journal of adolescence.

[19]  G. S. Pettit,et al.  Early Behavior Problems as a Predictor of Later Peer Group Victimization: Moderators and Mediators in the Pathways of Social Risk , 1999, Journal of abnormal child psychology.

[20]  E. V. Hodges,et al.  Personal and interpersonal antecedents and consequences of victimization by peers. , 1999, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[21]  Peter K. Smith.  The nature of school bullying : a cross-national perspective , 1999 .

[22]  Bullying and delinquency in a dutch school population , 1999 .

[23]  Peter K. Smith,et al.  Bullying as a group process: An adaptation of the participant role approach , 1999 .

[24]  D. Pepler,et al.  Observations of Bullying in the Classroom , 1998 .

[25]  G. Salmon,et al.  Bullying in schools: self reported anxiety, depression, and self esteem in secondary school children , 1998, BMJ.

[26]  K. Rigby.  The Relationship Between Reported Health and Involvement in Bully/ Victim Problems among Male and Female Secondary Schoolchildren , 1998, Journal of health psychology.

[27]  K. Puura,et al.  Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school-age children. , 1998, Child abuse & neglect.

[28]  Sue Young,et al.  The Support Group Approach to Bullying in Schools , 1998 .

[29]  E. V. Hodges,et al.  Individual Risk and Social Risk as Interacting Determinants of Victimization in the Peer Group , 1997 .

[30]  David J. Smith.  Ethnic Origins, Crime, and Criminal Justice in England and Wales , 1997, Crime and Justice.

[31]  E. V. Hodges,et al.  Individual risk and social risk as interacting determinants of victimization in the peer group. , 1997, Developmental psychology.

[32]  Katrina Jane Williams,et al.  Association of common health symptoms with bullying in primary school children , 1996, BMJ.

[33]  N. Crick,et al.  Children's treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression , 1996, Development and Psychopathology.

[34]  Ersilia Menesini,et al.  Bullies and victims in schools in central and southern Italy , 1996 .

[35]  N. Crick,et al.  Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. , 1995, Child development.

[36]  Peter K. Smith,et al.  School Bullying: Insights and Perspectives , 1994 .

[37]  D. Olweus.  Bullying at school: basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. , 1994, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[38]  K. Dodge,et al.  The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys' play groups. , 1993, Child development.

[39]  H. Ross.  School health. Practical solutions to bullying. , 1993, Health visitor.

[40]  Peter K. Smith,et al.  A Survey of the Nature and Extent of Bullying in Junior/Middle and Secondary Schools. , 1993 .

[41]  D. Farrington.  Understanding and Preventing Bullying , 1993, Crime and Justice.

[42]  K. Björkqvist,et al.  Bullying as a group-process , 1993 .

[43]  Michele Elliott,et al.  Bullying: A Practical Guide to Coping for Schools , 2002 .

[44]  M. Boulton,et al.  Bully/victim problems among middle school children. , 1992, The British journal of educational psychology.

[45]  T. Mooij.  Pesten in het onderwijs , 1992 .

[46]  D. Olweus.  Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. , 1991 .

[47]  Kenneth H. Rubin,et al.  The development and treatment of childhood aggression. , 1991 .

[48]  G. Green.  A survey of nature , 2022 .