论文信息 - Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin.

Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin.

Eighteen patients with glabellar frown lines were treated with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. Sixteen of the 17 patients followed showed improvement for periods ranging from 3 months to 11 months. Side-effects were minimal and transient. Because C. botulinum-A exotoxin therapy of glabellar frown lines treats the underlying cause of these lines, it is more effective than soft tissue augmentation although this improvement is temporary. Treatment with C. botulinum-A exotoxin is a simple, safe procedure.

J. Carruthers | J. Carruthers

[1] R. Cucin,et al. Complications of injectable collagen implants. , 1983, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[2] D. Laub,et al. Human adjuvant disease, possible autoimmune disease after silicone implantation: a review of the literature, case studies, and speculation for the future. , 1986, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[3] J. Carruthers,et al. Botulinum Toxin for Benign Essential Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Spasm and Age-Related Lower Eyelid Entropion , 1987, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[4] S. Stegman,et al. Adverse Reactions to Bovine Collagen Implant: Clinica1 and Histologic Features , 1988 .

[5] B. Teimourian. Blindness following fat injections. , 1988, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[6] G. Piérard,et al. The microanatomical basis of facial frown lines. , 1989, Archives of dermatology.

[7] N. G. Dreizen,et al. Sudden unilateral visual loss after autologous fat injection into the glabellar area. , 1989, American journal of ophthalmology.

[8] L. Wilkins. Assessment: The clinical usefulness of botulinum toxin‐A in treating neurologic disorders , 1990, Neurology.

[9] I. McGregor,et al. Rob and Smithʼs Operative Surgery: Head and Neck , 1993 .