An experimental study of home gateway characteristics

Many residential and small business users connect to the Internet via home gateways, such as DSL and cable modems. The characteristics of these devices heavily influence the quality and performance of the Internet service that these users receive. Anecdotal evidence suggests that an extremely diverse set of behaviors exists in the deployed base, forcing application developers to design for the lowest common denominator. This paper experimentally analyzes some characteristics of a substantial number of different home gateways: binding timeouts, queuing delays, throughput, protocol support and others.

[1]  Unrecognized NAT Classification Test Results , 2007 .

[2]  Cullen Jennings,et al.  Network Address Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements for Unicast UDP , 2007, RFC.

[3]  Jon Postel,et al.  Internet Control Message Protocol , 1981, RFC.

[4]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) , 2020, RFC.

[5]  Saikat Guha,et al.  NAT Behavioral Requirements for ICMP , 2009, RFC.

[6]  Stephen E. Deering,et al.  Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification , 1995, RFC.

[7]  Dan Wing,et al.  Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) , 2020, RFC.

[8]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols , 2010, RFC.

[9]  Sally Floyd,et al.  TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options , 1996 .

[10]  Sally Floyd,et al.  TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options , 1996, RFC.

[11]  Saikat Guha,et al.  Characterization and measurement of TCP traversal through NATs and firewalls , 2005, IMC '05.

[12]  Pasi Eronen,et al.  Energy Consumption of Always-On Applications in WCDMA Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring.

[13]  H. Sips,et al.  A Measurement of NAT & Firewall Characteristics in Peer to Peer Systems , 2009 .

[14]  Stephen E. Deering,et al.  Path MTU discovery , 1990, RFC.

[15]  Sally Floyd,et al.  Measuring the evolution of transport protocols in the internet , 2005, CCRV.

[16]  Christian Huitema,et al.  STUN - Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translators (NATs) , 2003, RFC.

[17]  Mark Handley,et al.  Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) , 2006, RFC.

[18]  Randall R. Stewart,et al.  Stream Control Transmission Protocol , 2000, RFC.

[19]  Kevin Lahey,et al.  TCP Problems with Path MTU Discovery , 2000, RFC.

[20]  Ray Bellis,et al.  DNS Proxy Implementation Guidelines , 2009, RFC.

[21]  Robert T. Braden,et al.  Requirements for Internet Hosts - Communication Layers , 1989, RFC.

[22]  Mark Handley,et al.  Designing DCCP: congestion control without reliability , 2006, SIGCOMM.

[23]  Bryan Ford,et al.  Peer-to-Peer Communication Across Network Address Translators , 2005, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, General Track.

[24]  Stephen Deering,et al.  Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6) , 1998 .

[25]  Scott Rose,et al.  DNS Security Introduction and Requirements , 2005, RFC.

[26]  Saikat Guha,et al.  NAT Behavioral Requirements for TCP , 2009, RFC.

[27]  David L. Black,et al.  The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP , 2001, RFC.

[28]  J.K. Nurminen,et al.  Measurements on the Feasibility of TCP NAT Traversal in Cellular Networks , 2008, 2008 Next Generation Internet Networks.

[29]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  Address Allocation for Private Internets , 1994, RFC.