Using X-parameters to model mixers

Most of the traditional mixer models are behavioral model and are time-consuming to get. Using X-parameters, also referred to as the parameters of the Poly-Harmonic Distortion (PHD) nonlinear behavioral model, the models could be obtained either through actual components measurement using Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer (NVNA) or from X-parameter generator with circuit-level design in ADS software. In this paper, the two ways are introduced and the nonlinear simulation was involved to investigate the mixer model based on X-parameters.