GPS free coordinate assignment and routing in wireless sensor networks

In this paper we consider the problem of constructing a coordinate system in a sensor network where location information is not available. To this purpose we introduce the virtual coordinate assignment protocol (VCap) which defines a virtual coordinate system based on hop distances. As compared to other approaches, VCap is simple and have very little requirements in terms of communication and memory overheads. We compare by simulations the performances of greedy routing using our virtual coordinate system with the one using the physical coordinates. Results show that the virtual coordinate system can be used to efficiently support geographic routing.

[1]  足立 浩平.  Ingwer Borg and Patrick Groenen--Modern Multidimensional Scaling-Theory and Applications , 1998 .

[2]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Ad hoc positioning system (APS) , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[3]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[4]  Samuel Madden,et al.  Fjording the stream: an architecture for queries over streaming sensor data , 2002, Proceedings 18th International Conference on Data Engineering.

[5]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[6]  P. Groenen,et al.  Modern Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and Applications , 1999 .

[7]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Ad hoc positioning system (APS) using AOA , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[8]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Dynamic fine-grained localization in Ad-Hoc networks of sensors , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[9]  GovindanRamesh,et al.  Data-centric storage in sensornets with GHT, a geographic hash table , 2003 .

[10]  Seth J. Teller,et al.  The cricket compass for context-aware mobile applications , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[11]  Leonidas J. Guibas,et al.  Geometric spanners for routing in mobile networks , 2005 .

[12]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Error characteristics of ad hoc positioning systems (aps) , 2004, MobiHoc '04.

[13]  Radhika Nagpal,et al.  Experimental Results for and Theoretical Analysis of a Self-Organizing Global Coordinate System for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks , 2004, Telecommun. Syst..

[14]  David A. Maltz,et al.  DSR: the dynamic source routing protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks , 2001 .

[15]  Mark D. Dunlop,et al.  Active Architecture for Pervasive Contextual Services , 2003, Middleware Workshops.

[16]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing , 2001, Computer.

[17]  Patrick J. F. Groenen,et al.  Modern Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and Applications , 2003 .

[18]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2002, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[19]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Position and orientation in ad hoc networks , 2004, Ad Hoc Networks.

[20]  Paddy Nixon,et al.  Middleware for pervasive and ad hoc computing , 2005, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[21]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad Hoc Networking , 2001 .

[22]  Ying Zhang,et al.  Localization from mere connectivity , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[23]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Data-Centric Storage in Sensornets with GHT, a Geographic Hash Table , 2003, Mob. Networks Appl..

[24]  W. Torgerson,et al.  Multidimensional scaling of similarity , 1965, Psychometrika.

[25]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1999, DIALM '99.

[26]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  GRID: A Fully Location-Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2001, Telecommun. Syst..

[27]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Geographic routing without location information , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[28]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[29]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[30]  Satish Kumar,et al.  Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[31]  Wei Hong,et al.  Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation Tag: a Tiny Aggregation Service for Ad-hoc Sensor Networks , 2022 .