Principles of Bioprinting Technology

Regenerative medicine/tissue engineering has emerged as a potential solution to overcome the current shortage of organ/tissue for transplantation. However, the production of fully functional artificial tissues and organs has not met expectations for many reasons. One of the fundamental challenges with the traditional fabrication process has been the inability to mimic the well-defined cellular microarchitectures and functions of a native tissue or organ within the engineered substitute. These tissues and organs contain multiple cell types and extracellular matrices arranged in specific patterns that are difficult to replicate in vitro. To address this problem, in the last decade numerous approaches have been proposed, among which one main strategy is emerging: organ printing technology. Inspired by this innovative concept, the combination of medical imaging, Bio-CAD systems, and modern fabrication approaches is promising to conquer current limitations for the generation of living tissues and organs. Basic elements of the organ printing technology including bio-blueprint, bio-ink, bio-paper, bio-printers, and different printing methods are reviewed in this chapter.

[1]  Tao Xu,et al.  Viability and electrophysiology of neural cell structures generated by the inkjet printing method. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[2]  Cornell,et al.  Laser-guided atoms in hollow-core optical fibers. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[3]  Sun Wei.  Multi-Volume CAD Modeling for Heterogeneous Object Design and Fabrication , 2000 .

[4]  J. Murray.  The 50th anniversary of the first successful human organ transplant. , 2005, Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion.

[5]  T. Boland,et al.  Inkjet printing of viable mammalian cells. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[6]  Ian M. Hutchings,et al.  Direct Writing Technology Advances and Developments , 2008 .

[7]  W. Hennink,et al.  Hydrogels as extracellular matrices for skeletal tissue engineering: state-of-the-art and novel application in organ printing. , 2007, Tissue engineering.

[8]  Sarit B. Bhaduri,et al.  Drop-on-demand printing of cells and materials for designer tissue constructs , 2007 .

[9]  B. R. Ringeisen,et al.  Cell patterning without chemical surface modification: Cell-cell interactions between printed bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) on a homogeneous cell-adherent hydrogel , 2006 .

[10]  Alan Rick Horwitz,et al.  Visualizing muscle cell migration in situ , 2000, Current Biology.

[11]  Wei Sun,et al.  Effects of dispensing pressure and nozzle diameter on cell survival from solid freeform fabrication-based direct cell writing. , 2008, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[12]  Mattie S. M. Timmer,et al.  Fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds using precision extrusion deposition with an assisted cooling device , 2011, Biofabrication.

[13]  Eric D. Miller,et al.  Inkjet-based biopatterning of bone morphogenetic protein-2 to spatially control calvarial bone formation. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[14]  J. Bomalaski,et al.  Uricase formulated with polyethylene glycol (uricase-PEG 20): biochemical rationale and preclinical studies. , 2002, The Journal of rheumatology.

[15]  Douglas B. Chrisey,et al.  Application of laser printing to mammalian cells , 2004 .

[16]  Y. Nahmias,et al.  Laser-guided direct writing for three-dimensional tissue engineering. , 2005, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[17]  Tao Xu,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of bio-engineered cardiac pseudo tissues , 2009, Biofabrication.

[18]  M J Bissell,et al.  Extracellular matrix-dependent tissue-specific gene expression in mammary epithelial cells requires both physical and biochemical signal transduction. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  T. Boland,et al.  Simultaneous Deposition of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Biomaterials for Human Microvasculature Fabrication Using Inkjet Printing , 2008, NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference.

[20]  C. Arnold,et al.  Incident beam shape effects on thick-film laser induced forward transfer , 2010, CLEO/QELS: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[21]  Wei Sun,et al.  Reasoning Boolean operation based modeling for heterogeneous objects , 2002, Comput. Aided Des..

[22]  Karl R Edminster,et al.  Multi-layered culture of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes through three-dimensional freeform fabrication. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[23]  S. Sen,et al.  Matrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification , 2006, Cell.

[24]  R. Narayan,et al.  Three-dimensional direct writing of B35 neuronal cells. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[25]  F. Lin,et al.  Three-dimensional Gelatin and Gelatin/Hyaluronan Hydrogel Structures for Traumatic Brain Injury , 2007 .

[26]  Jae Nam,et al.  Direct cell writing of 3D microorgan for in vitro pharmacokinetic model. , 2008, Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods.

[27]  H. Kleinman,et al.  Role of laminin and basement membrane in the morphological differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures , 1988, The Journal of cell biology.

[28]  Birgit Glasmacher,et al.  Laser printing of stem cells for biofabrication of scaffold-free autologous grafts. , 2011, Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods.

[29]  F. Lin,et al.  Fabrication of viable tissue-engineered constructs with 3D cell-assembly technique. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[30]  Tao Xu,et al.  Layer-by-layer printing of cells and its application to tissue engineering , 2004 .

[31]  R Langer,et al.  Long-term engraftment of hepatocytes transplanted on biodegradable polymer sponges. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[32]  Ningning Ma,et al.  Quantitative Studies of Cell‐Bubble Interactions and Cell Damage at Different Pluronic F‐68 and Cell Concentrations , 2004, Biotechnology progress.

[33]  F. Guillemot,et al.  Laser assisted bioprinting of engineered tissue with high cell density and microscale organization. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[34]  R.H.T. Bates,et al.  Overview of computerized tomography with emphasis on future developments , 1983, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[35]  Robert Pastel,et al.  Particle manipulation and surface patterning by laser guidance , 1998 .

[36]  Nan Ma,et al.  Laser printing of skin cells and human stem cells. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods.

[37]  T. Boland,et al.  Human microvasculature fabrication using thermal inkjet printing technology. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[38]  Jong-Hwan Lee,et al.  Three-dimensional bioprinting of rat embryonic neural cells , 2009, Neuroreport.

[39]  J A Barron,et al.  Biological Laser Printing: A Novel Technique for Creating Heterogeneous 3-dimensional Cell Patterns , 2004, Biomedical microdevices.

[40]  Vladimir Mironov,et al.  Organ printing: computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering. , 2003, Trends in biotechnology.

[41]  K Bergman,et al.  Characterization of photodamage to Escherichia coli in optical traps. , 1999, Biophysical journal.

[42]  Joseph Suhan,et al.  Bioprinting of Growth Factors onto Aligned Sub-micron Fibrous Scaffolds for Simultaneous Control of Cell Differentiation and Alignment , 2022 .

[43]  M. Berns,et al.  Wavelength dependence of cell cloning efficiency after optical trapping. , 1996, Biophysical journal.

[44]  K. Cheung,et al.  Effects of surfactant and gentle agitation on inkjet dispensing of living cells , 2010, Biofabrication.

[45]  J. Bomalaski,et al.  Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugated arginine deiminase: effects of PEG formulations on its pharmacological properties. , 2002, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[46]  Vladimir Mironov,et al.  Toward human organ printing: Charleston Bioprinting Symposium. , 2006, ASAIO journal.

[47]  R. Klebe,et al.  Cytoscribing: a method for micropositioning cells and the construction of two- and three-dimensional synthetic tissues. , 1988, Experimental cell research.

[48]  Bradley R Ringeisen,et al.  Single-cell printing to form three-dimensional lines of olfactory ensheathing cells , 2008, Biomedical materials.

[49]  B. Derby,et al.  Ink-jet printing of human cells , 2004 .

[50]  F. Guillemot,et al.  High-throughput laser printing of cells and biomaterials for tissue engineering. , 2010, Acta biomaterialia.

[51]  D. Odde,et al.  Laser-guided direct writing of living cells. , 2000, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[52]  Costas P. Grigoropoulos,et al.  Experimental study on spreading and evaporation of inkjet printed pico-liter droplet on a heated substrate , 2009 .

[53]  Brian Derby,et al.  Ink jet printing of mammalian primary cells for tissue engineering applications , 2004 .

[54]  Pere Serra,et al.  Novel laser printing technique for miniaturized biosensors preparation , 2010 .

[55]  B. Derby,et al.  Delivery of human fibroblast cells by piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printing. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[56]  M. Hincke,et al.  Fibrin: a versatile scaffold for tissue engineering applications. , 2008, Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.

[57]  M. Iruela-Arispe,et al.  Reorganization of basement membrane matrices by cellular traction promotes the formation of cellular networks in vitro. , 1992, Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology.

[58]  Bradley R Ringeisen,et al.  Laser printing of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells. , 2004, Tissue engineering.

[59]  Zsolt Bor,et al.  Survival and proliferative ability of various living cell types after laser-induced forward transfer. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[60]  A. Khademhosseini,et al.  Layer by layer three-dimensional tissue epitaxy by cell-laden hydrogel droplets. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods.

[61]  Wei Sun,et al.  Computer‐aided tissue engineering: overview, scope and challenges , 2004, Biotechnology and applied biochemistry.

[62]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering : Frontiers in biotechnology , 1993 .

[63]  D. Odde,et al.  Laser-guided direct writing for applications in biotechnology. , 1999, Trends in biotechnology.

[64]  Bruce Zhi Gao,et al.  Dimensionless parameters for the design of optical traps and laser guidance systems. , 2004, Applied optics.