The mechanics of Three-dimensional Cutting Operations

This paper contains the reports of the researches on the most practical three-dimensional cutting. On three-dimensional cutting operation, the effective rake angle αe equivalent to the rake angle α at the orthogonal cutting was determined, also more complex three-dimensional tools were analysed relating to an equivalent oblique tool, which has a cutting edge inclined to the direction of motion of the work.The authors constructed a tool dynamometer for three cutting forces as shown in Fig. 4, and the results of the experiments carried out using the dynamometer are shown in Fig. 6, and present a method for predicting the direction of chip flow in a range of tool geo- metry. The direction of chip flow across the tool face, determines the effective rake angle which in turn affects to the tool life.And the effective rake angle was determined from the results of the experiments, and the cutting forces against the angle also were determined.Treating these results theoretically at the same time, it was cleared up how the chips slide on the tool face, and its maximum side sliding angle θ had an influence on the chip flow angle. The authors therefore obtained the foundation of the practical three-dimentional cutting theory.