Creating Safety II in the operating theatre: The Durable Dozen!

The aviation industry calls the most frequently recurring factors that lead to incidents ‘the Dirty Dozen.’ The ‘Dirty Dozen’ includes, for example, stress, distractions and interruptions, team norms etc. The article adapts the concept of the Dirty Dozen from aviation to explore resilience in operating theatres. Taking a Safety II perspective, the article introduces the ‘Durable Dozen’: 12 regulatory, organisational, team and individual behaviours that enable theatre teams to resolve safety threats.

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