Releases of pollutants from poultry manure in China and recommended strategies for the pollution prevention

With the booming of stockbreeding,the production of poultry manure has been increasing continually,which was 2750 million tons in 2002.The production of poultry manure in Sichuan Province was the highest,and then Henan Province and Shandong Province.The average load of cultivated land for poultry manure was 4.19 t/ha in China.The amount of TN,TP,BOD and COD released from poultry manure to water body were 870,345,6000 and 6740 thousand tons per year,respectively.Large amount of poultry manure has been one of the main pollutants to water,threatening the health of soil and atmosphere.Based on the result of clustering analysis,the environmental risks of poultry manure to Chinese cultivated land were divided into four grades: the pollution risk of Shanghai was the highest;the risk of Henan,Tianjin and Shandong was in the second grade;the risk of Beijing,Jiangsu,Hebei,Anhui and Hunan was in the third grade,and the pollution risk of the cultivated land of the other provinces was relatively low.For solving the pollution problem of poultry manure,management should be reinforced,farming-pasturing combined eco-type stock raising should be developed energetically,and economical and practical synthetic utilization technologies for dealing with poultry manure should be developed and popularized,so as to promote the transformation of paultry manure into resources for land use.