Design sports equipment with an activity-centred approach: An alternative to sports ergonomics

In sports ergonomics, there is a disparity in the attention given on the one hand to the speci- fication of the equipment and on the other hand to the user's activity. However, design useful, usable, and appropriable equipment requires an understanding of the user actual activity. The aim of this arti- cle is to present activity-centred design that seems to be an alternative approach to designing sports equipment. Our approach will be illustrated with a design project of ice axes for ice climbing and dry- tooling which is conducted in close co-operation with manufacturers of technical gear for sport climbing, ice climbing, and mountaineering.

[1]  Carole Sève,et al.  Analyse sémiologique de l'activité d'un coureur de demi-fond en situation compétitive , 2010 .

[2]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  The Design of Future Things , 2007 .

[3]  Huub M. Toussaint,et al.  Evaluation of the Measuring Active Drag system usability: An important step for its integration into training sessions , 2010 .

[4]  Steve Howard,et al.  From Adoption to Use: the process of appropriating a mobile phone , 2003, Australas. J. Inf. Syst..

[5]  P. Rabardel,et al.  Activity-oriented approaches to ergonomics: some traditions and communities , 2005 .

[6]  Thomas Reilly,et al.  Ergonomics in Sport and Physical Activity: Enhancing Performance and Improving Safety , 2009 .

[7]  P. Béguin,et al.  Instrument mediated activity: from subject development to anthropocentric design , 2005 .

[8]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  Logic versus usage: the case for activity-centered design , 2006, INTR.

[9]  Mathieu Domalain,et al.  Modélisation biomécanique de la main : influence des caractéristiques de l'objet sur la distribution des tensions des tendons lors d'une tâche de préhension , 2008 .

[10]  Jean-Baptiste Haué Intégrer les aspects situés de l’activité dans une ingénierie cognitive centrée sur la situation d’utilisation , 2004 .

[11]  Gilles Vanlerberghe,et al.  Mesure de l'expertise par l'association de mots au cours du curriculum conatif de jeunes enseignants en EPS , 2006 .

[12]  G. Simondon Du mode d'existence des objets techniques , 1989 .

[13]  Yvon Haradji,et al.  Évolution de notre pratique de conception (1985-2005). Modéliser pour mieux coopérer à partir des critères d’utilité, d’utilisabilité… , 2006 .

[14]  T Reilly Ergonomics in sport: an overview. , 1984, Applied ergonomics.

[15]  L. Quéré,et al.  La situation toujours négligée , 1997 .

[16]  Gongbing Shan,et al.  Sport Equipment Evaluation and Optimization – A Review of the Relationship between Sport Science Research and Engineering , 2008 .

[17]  Dieter Hillairet,et al.  The dual management of innovation by the Decathlon group. A distinctive strategic system on the sport goods market , 2009 .

[18]  Mark S. Sanders,et al.  Human Factors in Engineering and Design , 1957 .

[19]  Colin Potts,et al.  Design of Everyday Things , 1988 .

[20]  Jacques Theureau,et al.  Le Cours d'action : méthode réfléchie , 2009 .

[21]  Germain Poizat,et al.  A Grounded Theory of Elite Male Table Tennis Players’ Activity during Matches , 2006 .

[22]  Marie des Neiges Baudry de Vaux,et al.  L. Pinsky, J. Theureau, L'étude du cours d'action : analyse du travail et conception, Paris, CNAM, 1987 , 2001 .

[23]  E. Hutchins Cognition in the wild , 1995 .

[24]  François Daniellou,et al.  The French-speaking ergonomists' approach to work activity: cross-influences of field intervention and conceptual models , 2005 .

[25]  Steve Haake,et al.  The Engineering of Sport: Research, Development and Innovation , 2000 .

[26]  Mark S. Sanders,et al.  Human factors in engineering and design, 7th ed. , 1993 .

[27]  F. C. Bakker,et al.  Memory for the Functional Characteristics of Climbing Walls: Perceiving Affordances , 2002, Journal of motor behavior.

[28]  L. Suchman Plans and situated actions , 1987 .

[29]  Germain Poizat,et al.  Performance-induced emotions experienced during high-stakes table tennis matches. , 2007 .

[30]  A. Clark Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again , 1996 .

[31]  Marc Durand,et al.  L’activité : un objet intégrateur pour les sciences sociales ? , 2003 .

[32]  G. Guingouain,et al.  L'acceptabilité sociale : la prise en compte des déterminants sociaux dans l'analyse de l'acceptabilité des systèmes technologiques , 2009 .

[33]  Jacques Theureau,et al.  Activity organization and knowledge construction during competitive interaction in table tennis , 2002, Cognitive Systems Research.

[34]  Bernard Pavard,et al.  What Does Real Work Analysis Tell Us about System Design? , 1984, Cognitive Ergonomics.

[35]  Greg Atkinson,et al.  Contemporary sport, leisure, and ergonomics , 2009 .

[36]  Jacques Theureau,et al.  Le cours d'action: Méthode développée , 2006 .

[37]  Steve Haake,et al.  The Engineering of Sport , 1998 .

[38]  J. Gibson The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[39]  Gilles Bui-Xuân,et al.  Rugby, conation et rapport au temps , 2007 .

[40]  David Kirshner,et al.  Situated cognition : social, semiotic, and psychological perspectives , 2009 .

[41]  Etienne Wenger,et al.  Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation , 1991 .

[42]  Jean-Baptiste Duez Les instruments de l’alpiniste , 2009 .

[43]  Véronique De Keyser Work analysis in French language ergonomics: origins and current research trends , 1991 .

[44]  Thomas Reilly Advances in Sport, Leisure and Ergonomics , 2003 .

[45]  Françoise Darses,et al.  How do designers represent to themselves the users' needs? , 2006, Applied ergonomics.

[46]  H. Maturana The tree of knowledge , 1987 .

[47]  Helene Hembrooke,et al.  Activity-Centered Design: An Ecological Approach to Designing Smart Tools and Usable Systems , 2004 .

[48]  Charles Lenay,et al.  Enaction, externalisme et suppléance perceptive , 2006 .

[49]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Where the action is , 2001 .

[50]  G. Pezzulo,et al.  When affordances climb into your mind: Advantages of motor simulation in a memory task performed by novice and expert rock climbers , 2010, Brain and Cognition.

[51]  F. Varela Principles of biological autonomy , 1979 .

[52]  Pascal Béguin,et al.  Taking activity into account during the design process , 2007 .

[53]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction , 1988 .

[54]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  Things that make us smart , 1979 .