Study on the Environmental Impact Assessment of PM_(2.5) Emission during Port Operation

Ports can be the large source of fine particulate matter in the coastal areas.According to Ambient Air Quality Standards(GB 3095—2012),PM2.5 should be considered as a criteria air pollutant in the environmental impact assessment of port planning and engineering.Therefore,it is urgent to set up a methodology for the environmental impact assessment of PM2.5 emission during port operation.Based on a systematic review of practical experience and researches,this paper identifies four major sources of port-related PM2.5 emission,including transport vessels,harbor vessels,cargo handling equipment and vehicles.Ship trips are categorized by the engine type and fuel,and then average trip characteristics are calculated.Harbor craft and cargo handling equipment are categorized by the maximum continuous revolution of engines,and vehicles are categorized by exhaust emission standard.Emission factors for each category of the four sources are derived from former researches.Taking into consideration the precision of activity data in the EIA execution,the paper establishes a streamlined bottom-up approach for the evaluation of PM2.5 emission in ports.DMS model is selected for PM2.5 concentration prediction in EIA.Formulae of emission rate for different sources are also established.