A Machine Learning Driven IoT Solution for Noise Classification in Smart Cities

We present a machine learning based method for noise classification using a low-power and inexpensive IoT unit. We use Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients for audio feature extraction and supervised classification algorithms (that is, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors) for noise classification. We evaluate our approach experimentally with a dataset of about 3000 sound samples grouped in eight sound classes (such as, car horn, jackhammer, or street music). We explore the parameter space of support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors algorithms to estimate the optimal parameter values for classification of sound samples in the dataset under study. We achieve a noise classification accuracy in the range 85% -- 100%. Training and testing of our k-nearest neighbors (k = 1) implementation on Raspberry Pi Zero W is less than a second for a dataset with features of more than 3000 sound samples.

[1]  Maximo Cobos,et al.  Low-Cost Alternatives for Urban Noise Nuisance Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[2]  Chin-Tan Lee,et al.  An implementation of a distributed sound sensing system to visualize the noise pollution , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI).

[3]  Chidchanok Lursinsap,et al.  Very short time environmental sound classification based on spectrogram pattern matching , 2013, Inf. Sci..

[4]  Jonathan Foote,et al.  Content-based retrieval of music and audio , 1997, Other Conferences.

[5]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Cities , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[6]  Colin Raffel,et al.  librosa: Audio and Music Signal Analysis in Python , 2015, SciPy.

[7]  David Perez,et al.  A simulation study of a smart living IoT solution for remote elderly care , 2018, 2018 Third International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC).

[8]  Jhing-Fa Wang,et al.  Environmental Sound Classification using Hybrid SVM/KNN Classifier and MPEG-7 Audio Low-Level Descriptor , 2006, The 2006 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network Proceedings.

[9]  Gaël Varoquaux,et al.  Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python , 2011, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[10]  Hannes Toepfer,et al.  An open platform for distributed urban noise monitoring , 2017, 2017 25th Telecommunication Forum (TELFOR).

[11]  Goutam Saha,et al.  Design, analysis and experimental evaluation of block based transformation in MFCC computation for speaker recognition , 2012, Speech Commun..

[12]  Jesús Favela,et al.  Scalable identification of mixed environmental sounds, recorded from heterogeneous sources , 2015, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[13]  Justin Salamon,et al.  A Dataset and Taxonomy for Urban Sound Research , 2014, ACM Multimedia.

[14]  Victor I. Chang,et al.  Towards fog-driven IoT eHealth: Promises and challenges of IoT in medicine and healthcare , 2018, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..