Design and fabrication of cubic eggshell containing chick embryo for a novel biomedical platform

We propose a novel biomedical platform of a cubic (artificial) eggshell containing a chick embryo. The use of this proposed platform can eliminate the use of large animals as experimental models, making it more ethically accepted. It also has the advantages of low cost and a small size. The specific design and fabrication method of the cubic eggshell uses polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polycarbonate, which were shown to achieve the required specifications of the proposed platform. The viability of the chick embryo in the cubic eggshell was confirmed through basic experiments. Finally, surgical tools were inserted into the cubic shell and the internal organs were operated on to confirm the use of the developed cubic shell as an appropriate platform for microsurgical training.

[1]  Quanfang Chen,et al.  Thickness-dependent mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane membranes , 2009 .

[2]  Julieta M. Panzica-Kelly,et al.  Development of a zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay and quantitative prediction model. , 2010, Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology.

[3]  H. Shiku,et al.  Oxygen Permeability of Surface-modified Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Characterized by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy , 2006 .

[4]  Akio Morita,et al.  Master–slave robotic platform and its feasibility study for micro‐neurosurgery , 2013, The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS.

[5]  Hilda Witters,et al.  Zebrafish embryos as an alternative to animal experiments--a commentary on the definition of the onset of protected life stages in animal welfare regulations. , 2012, Reproductive toxicology.

[6]  Felicitas Genze,et al.  Comparison of In Vitro- and Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM)-Culture Systems for Cryopreserved Medulla-Contained Human Ovarian Tissue , 2012, PloS one.

[7]  T. Merkel,et al.  Gas sorption, diffusion, and permeation in poly(dimethylsiloxane) , 2000 .

[8]  Tomohiro Kawahara,et al.  Scientific assessment of endoscopic surgical skills , 2010, Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy.

[9]  S. Mehmood,et al.  Laying characteristics and egg geometry of four varieties of indigenous aseel chicken in Pakistan , 2012 .

[10]  J. Yang,et al.  Characterization and adsorption properties of eggshells and eggshell membrane. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[11]  R. Blust,et al.  Feasibility study of the zebrafish assay as an alternative method to screen for developmental toxicity and embryotoxicity using a training set of 27 compounds. , 2012, Reproductive toxicology.

[12]  P. Stein,et al.  Coordinated motor output in the hindlimb of the 7-day chick embryo. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  C. Kind.  The development of the circulating blood volume of the chick embryo , 1975, Anatomy and Embryology.

[14]  J Höper,et al.  Influence of environmental oxygen concentration on growth and vascular density of the area vasculosa in chick embryos. , 1995, International journal of microcirculation, clinical and experimental.

[15]  P. Dejours,et al.  Oxygen consumption of the chick embryo's respiratory organ, the chorioallantoic membrane. , 1987, Respiration physiology.

[16]  T. Pieler,et al.  Manipulation of hedgehog signaling in Xenopus by means of embryo microinjection and application of chemical inhibitors. , 2007, Methods in molecular biology.

[17]  H. Kagami,et al.  Culture of Chicken Embryos Using Aigamo Duck Eggshells , 2000 .

[18]  H. Langenhove,et al.  Investigation of the permeability and selectivity of gases and volatile organic compounds for polydimethylsiloxane membranes , 2003 .

[19]  Satoshi Oguchi,et al.  Improved hatching for in vitro quail embryo culture using surrogate eggshell and artificial vessel , 1998, Development, growth & differentiation.

[20]  D. Lazzeri,et al.  Optical Magnification Should Be Mandatory for Microsurgery: Scientific Basis and Clinical Data Contributing to Quality Assurance , 2013, Archives of plastic surgery.

[21]  Takeyoshi Dohi.  Robot technology in medicine , 1992, Adv. Robotics.

[22]  G. Dogangil,et al.  A review of medical robotics for minimally invasive soft tissue surgery , 2010, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine.

[23]  Viktor Hamburger,et al.  A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo , 1992, Journal of morphology.

[24]  Nirmala Bhogal,et al.  In vivo research using early life stage models. , 2010, In vivo.

[25]  T. Hirose,et al.  Sorption and partial molar volume of gases in poly(dimethyl siloxane) , 1990 .

[26]  Patricia McGrath,et al.  Zebrafish: a predictive model for assessing drug-induced toxicity. , 2008, Drug discovery today.

[27]  S. Burgess,et al.  Maternal antibody transfer from dams to their egg yolks, egg whites, and chicks in meat lines of chickens. , 2006, Poultry science.

[28]  A. Tacon.  Utilisation of chick hatchery waste: The nutritional characteristics of day-old chicks and egg shells , 1982 .

[29]  Domenico Ribatti,et al.  Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as a useful tool to study angiogenesis. , 2008, International review of cell and molecular biology.

[30]  R. Bhonde,et al.  Shell-less chick embryo culture as an alternative in vitro model to investigate glucose-induced malformations in mammalian embryos. , 2005, The review of diabetic studies : RDS.

[31]  R. Baumann,et al.  Oxygen pressure in intra- and extraembryonic blood vessels of early chick embryo. , 1988, Respiration physiology.

[32]  L. Dănăilă,et al.  Surgery of tumors of the third ventricle region. , 2013, Chirurgia.

[33]  R. Baumann,et al.  Blood oxygen transport in the early avian embryo. , 1992, Physiological reviews.