Intracardiac 4D Flow MRI in Congenital Heart Disease: Recommendations on Behalf of the ISMRM Flow & Motion Study Group

Level of Evidence: 5

[1]  J. Westenberg,et al.  In‐scan and scan–rescan assessment of LV in‐ and outflow volumes by 4D flow MRI versus 2D planimetry , 2017, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[2]  S. Grieve,et al.  4D flow magnetic resonance imaging: role in pediatric congenital heart disease , 2018, Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals.

[3]  Pankaj Garg,et al.  Clinical applications of intra-cardiac four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance: A systematic review , 2017, International journal of cardiology.

[4]  Shreyas S Vasanawala,et al.  Congenital heart disease assessment with 4D flow MRI , 2015, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[5]  M. Markl,et al.  4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement , 2015, Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[6]  Matt A. Bernstein,et al.  Cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging , 2015, Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[7]  Einar Heiberg,et al.  Whole-heart four-dimensional flow can be acquired with preserved quality without respiratory gating, facilitating clinical use: a head-to-head comparison , 2015, BMC Medical Imaging.

[8]  Titus Kuehne,et al.  Four‐dimensional velocity‐encoded magnetic resonance imaging improves blood flow quantification in patients with complex accelerated flow , 2013, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[9]  Michael Lustig,et al.  Evaluation of valvular insufficiency and shunts with parallel-imaging compressed-sensing 4D phase-contrast MR imaging with stereoscopic 3D velocity-fusion volume-rendered visualization. , 2012, Radiology.

[10]  Kevin M Johnson,et al.  Four‐dimensional phase contrast MRI with accelerated dual velocity encoding , 2012, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[11]  G. Pedrizzetti,et al.  Emerging trends in CV flow visualization. , 2012, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[12]  Einar Heiberg,et al.  Quantification and visualization of cardiovascular 4D velocity mapping accelerated with parallel imaging or k-t BLAST: head to head comparison and validation at 1.5 T and 3 T , 2011, Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[13]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  Flow Assessment Through Four Heart Valves Simultaneously Using 3-Dimensional 3-Directional Velocity-Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Retrospective Valve Tracking in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Valvular Regurgitation , 2009, Investigative radiology.