Visual information foraging in a focus + context visualization

Eye tracking studies of the Hyperbolic Tree browser [10] suggest that visual search in focus+context displays is highly affected by information scent (i.e., local cues, such as text summaries, used to assess and navigate toward distal information sources). When users detected a strong information scent, they were able to reach their goal faster with the Hyperbolic Tree browser than with a conventional browser. When users detected a weak scent or no scent, users exhibited less efficient search of areas with a high density of visual items. In order to interpret these results we present an integration of the CODE Theory of Visual Attention (CTVA) with information foraging theory. Development of the CTVA-foraging theory could lead to deeper analysis of interaction with visual displays of content, such as the World Wide Web or information visualizations.

[1]  Jock D. Mackinlay,et al.  Visualizing the evolution of Web ecologies , 1998, CHI.

[2]  Ramana Rao,et al.  Laying out and visualizing large trees using a hyperbolic space , 1994, UIST '94.

[3]  J. Wolfe,et al.  What Can 1 Million Trials Tell Us About Visual Search? , 1998 .

[4]  C. Drury,et al.  The Effect of Area, Density, and Number of Background Characters on Visual Search , 1978, Human factors.

[5]  P. Pirolli,et al.  Spread of activation. , 1984 .

[6]  George W. Furnas,et al.  Effective view navigation , 1997, CHI.

[7]  G. Logan The CODE theory of visual attention: an integration of space-based and object-based attention. , 1996, Psychological review.

[8]  Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '97: Looking to the Future, Extended Abstracts, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March 22-27, 1997 , 1997, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[9]  Colin Ware,et al.  Information Visualization: Perception for Design , 2000 .

[10]  Stuart K. Card,et al.  The effect of information scent on searching information: visualizations of large tree structures , 2000, AVI '00.

[11]  Rajesh P. N. Rao,et al.  PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article EYE MOVEMENTS REVEAL THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OE VISUAL SEARCH , 2022 .

[12]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Readings in information visualization - using vision to think , 1999 .

[13]  H. L. Resnikoff The illusion of reality , 1988 .

[14]  Peter Pirolli,et al.  Computational models of information scent-following in a very large browsable text collection , 1997, CHI.