The Beetle and BeeDiff tutoring systems

We describe two tutorial dialogue systems that adapt techniques from task-oriented dialogue systems to tutorial dialogue. Both systems employ the same reusable deep natural language understanding and generation components to interpret students' written utterances and to automatically generate adaptive tutorial responses, with separate domain reasoners to provide the necessary knowledge about the correctness of student answers and hinting strategies. We focus on integrating the domain-independent language processing components with domain-specific reasoning and tutorial components in order to improve the dialogue interaction, and present a preliminary analysis of BeeDiff's evaluation. Index Terms: tutoring systems, dialogue, deep processing

[1]  Staffan Larsson,et al.  Information state and dialogue management in the TRINDI dialogue move engine toolkit , 2000, Natural Language Engineering.

[2]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  AutoTutor: A simulation of a human tutor , 1999, Cognitive Systems Research.

[3]  Diane J. Litman,et al.  Predicting Student Emotions in Computer-Human Tutoring Dialogues , 2004, ACL.

[4]  Vincent Aleven,et al.  Towards Tutorial Dialog to Support Self- Explanation: Adding Natural Language Understanding to a Cognitive Tutor * , 2001 .

[5]  Kurt VanLehn,et al.  A Natural Language Tutorial Dialogue System for Physics , 2006, FLAIRS Conference.

[6]  Tom Routen,et al.  Intelligent Tutoring Systems , 1996, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[7]  James F. Allen,et al.  Deep Linguistic Processing for Spoken Dialogue Systems , 2007, ACL 2007.

[8]  Neil T. Heffernan,et al.  An Intelligent Tutoring System Incorporating a Model of an Experienced Human Tutor , 2002, Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

[9]  Davide Fossati,et al.  Natural Language Generation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: a case study , 2005, AIED.

[10]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Cognitive Tutors: Lessons Learned , 1995 .

[11]  Kurt VanLehn,et al.  Taking Control of Redundancy in Scripted Tutorial Dialogue , 2005, AIED.

[12]  B. Bloom The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring , 1984 .

[13]  Matthew W. Lewis,et al.  Self-Explonations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems , 1989, Cogn. Sci..

[14]  Johanna D. Moore,et al.  Determining tutorial remediation strategies from a corpus of human-human tutoring dialogues , 2007, ENLG.

[15]  James C. Lester,et al.  Narrative prose generation , 2001, Artif. Intell..

[16]  S. Argamon,et al.  Hedged Responses and Expressions of Affect in Human/Human and Human/Computer Tutorial Interactions , 2004 .

[17]  Claus Zinn,et al.  Data-driven Modeling of Human Tutoring in Calculus , 2006 .

[18]  Pamela W. Jordan Using Student Explanations as Models for Adapting Tutorial Dialogue , 2004, FLAIRS Conference.