Pulse wave transit time for monitoring respiration rate

In this study, we investigate the beat-to-beat respiratory fluctuations in pulse wave transit time (PTT) and its subcomponents, the cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) and the vessel transit time (VTT) in ten healthy subjects. The three transit times were found to fluctuate in pace with respiration. When applying a simple breath detecting algorithm, 88% of the breaths seen in a respiration air-flow reference could be detected correctly in PTT. Corresponding numbers for PEP and VTT were 76 and 81%, respectively. The performance during hypo- and hypertension was investigated by invoking blood pressure changes. In these situations, the error rates in breath detection were significantly higher. PTT can be derived from signals already present in most standard monitoring set-ups. The transit time technology thus has prospects to become an interesting alternative for respiration rate monitoring.

[1]  A. Nicogossian,et al.  Physiological effects of locally applied reduced pressure in man. , 1974, Physiological reviews.

[2]  T Länne,et al.  Cardiovascular response to acute hypovolemia in relation to age. Implications for orthostasis and hemorrhage. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[3]  D. Franchi,et al.  Blood pressure evaluation based on arterial pulse wave velocity , 1996, Computers in Cardiology 1996.

[4]  J. Stradling,et al.  Use of pulse transit time as a measure of inspiratory effort in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. , 1995, The European respiratory journal.

[5]  P. Lévy,et al.  Differentiating obstructive and central sleep respiratory events through pulse transit time. , 1998, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[6]  E. Katz,et al.  Pulse Transit Time as a Measure of Arousal and Respiratory Effort in Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing , 2003, Pediatric Research.

[7]  D Shapiro,et al.  Pulse transit time and blood pressure: an intensive analysis. , 1983, Psychophysiology.

[8]  Anders Johansson,et al.  Sensors for respiratory monitoring , 2004 .

[9]  T. Togawa,et al.  Continuous estimation of systolic blood pressure using the pulse arrival time and intermittent calibration , 2000, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[10]  A. Johansson.  Neural network for photoplethysmographic respiratory rate monitoring , 2003, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[11]  P. Öberg,et al.  Presentation and evaluation of a new optical sensor for respiratory rate monitoring , 1994, International journal of clinical monitoring and computing.

[12]  G. V. Marie,et al.  The relationship between arterial blood pressure and pulse transit time during dynamic and static exercise. , 1984, Psychophysiology.

[13]  C. Ahlstrom,et al.  Noninvasive investigation of blood pressure changes using the pulse wave transit time: a novel approach in the monitoring of hemodialysis patients , 2005, Journal of Artificial Organs.

[14]  P. Lantelme,et al.  Heart Rate: An Important Confounder of Pulse Wave Velocity Assessment , 2002, Hypertension.

[15]  J. Stradling,et al.  Value of beat-to-beat blood pressure changes, detected by pulse transit time, in the management of the obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. , 1998, The European respiratory journal.

[16]  B. El-Asir,et al.  Time-frequency analysis of heart sounds , 1996, Proceedings of Digital Processing Applications (TENCON '96).

[17]  M. Nitzan,et al.  The difference in pulse transit time to the toe and finger measured by photoplethysmography. , 2002, Physiological measurement.

[18]  J H Auchincloss,et al.  Changes in tidal volume, frequency, and ventilation induced by their measurement. , 1972, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  Giovanni Calcagnini,et al.  Pulse transit time as a measure of inspiratory effort in children. , 2003, Chest.

[20]  Patrick Levy,et al.  Pulse transit time improves detection of sleep respiratory events and microarousals in children. , 2005, Chest.

[21]  P. Lévy,et al.  Comparison of esophageal pressure with pulse transit time as a measure of respiratory effort for scoring obstructive nonapneic respiratory events. , 2000, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[22]  D B Newlin,et al.  Relationships of pulse transmission times to pre-ejection period and blood pressure. , 1981, Psychophysiology.

[23]  David B. Newlin,et al.  Relationships ol Pulse Transmission Times to Pre-ejection Period and Blood Pressure , 1981 .