A solubilization technique for photosensitizer quantification in ex vivo tissue samples.

The determination of the photosensitizer concentration in ex vivo tissue samples is commonly used for pharmacokinetic and dosimetric studies of photodynamic therapy, both clinically and pre-clinically. In this report, a new method is presented based on tissue solubilization and subsequent fluorometry. This method has the advantages of good sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility, as well as low cost and ease of handling of the tissue samples. The method was tested for six different photosensitizers in a variety of tissues. The accuracy and concentration detection limits are compared with those of other published extraction methods.

[1]  B. C. Wilson,et al.  The sensitivity of normal brain and intracranially implanted VX2 tumour to interstitial photodynamic therapy. , 1996, British Journal of Cancer.

[2]  Thomas H. Foster,et al.  Oxygen sensitivity of PDT determined from time-dependent electrode measurements in spheroids , 1995, Photonics West.

[3]  T J Dougherty,et al.  A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of intravenous Photofrin in patients. , 1996, Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery.

[4]  P. D. Smith,et al.  Photodynamic therapy with porphyrin and phthalocyanine sensitisation: quantitative studies in normal rat liver. , 1986, British Journal of Cancer.

[5]  Q. Peng,et al.  Uptake and distribution of intravenously or intravesically administered photosensitizers in the rat. , 1993, Cancer letters.

[6]  M W Berns,et al.  Dosimetry model for photodynamic therapy with topically administered photosensitizers , 1996, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[7]  A. Richter,et al.  Tumour scanning with indium-111 dihaematoporphyrin ether. , 1990, British Journal of Cancer.

[8]  A. Jain,et al.  LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY OF A PHOTOSENSITIZER, BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE MONOACID RING A (BPD), TO TUMOR TISSUE IN A MOUSE TUMOR MODEL , 1993, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[9]  T J Dougherty,et al.  PHOTOSENSITIZERS: THERAPY AND DETECTION OF MALIGNANT TUMORS , 1987, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[10]  D. Vernon,et al.  The quantitative determination of Photofrin and Polyhaematoporphyrin in plasma: pitfalls and inaccuracies. , 1995, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[11]  D. M. Burns,et al.  THE MEASUREMENT OF DIHEMATOPORPHYRIN ETHER CONCENTRATION IN TISSUE BY REFLECTANCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY , 1987, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[12]  C. Gomer,et al.  Clinical and preclinical photodynamic therapy , 1995, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[13]  R. Martuza,et al.  Distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative in canine glioma following intraneoplastic and intraperitoneal injection. , 1986, Journal of neurosurgery.

[14]  David Kessel,et al.  Photodynamic therapy of neoplastic disease , 1990 .

[15]  B. Wilson,et al.  Absorption spectroscopy in tissue-simulating materials: a theoretical and experimental study of photon paths. , 1995, Applied optics.

[16]  OPTICAL AND PHOTOBIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF SOLID TUMORS , 1992 .

[17]  R. Zenobi,et al.  Chemical analysis of cancer therapy photosensitizers by two-step laser mass spectrometry. , 1994, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  B. Henderson,et al.  PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF MURINE TUMOR, VASCULATURE and SKIN BY 5‐AMINOLEVULINIC ACID‐INDUCED PORPHYRIN , 1995, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[19]  E. Gunter,et al.  Investigation of protoporphyrin IX standard materials used in acid-extraction methods, and a proposed correction for the millimolar absorptivity of protoporphyrin IX. , 1989, Clinical chemistry.

[20]  R. Sroka,et al.  Photodegradation of protoporphyrin-dimethylester in solution and in organized environments. , 1993, International journal of radiation biology.

[21]  Bergein F. Overholt,et al.  Canine treatment with SnET2 for photodynamic therapy , 1990, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[22]  J Moan,et al.  Binding of drugs to human plasma proteins, exemplified by Sn(IV)-etiopurpurin dichloride delivered in cremophor and DMSO. , 1993, The International journal of biochemistry.