Response to Comments on “Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing”

Winograd and Coplen question the thorium-230 distribution model proposed to explain the age bias observed with increasing depth during Termination II. We have evaluated both criticisms and find that all samples display virtually identical fabrics, argue that the modern setting is not analogous to the conditions during Termination II, and reiterate the robustness of our age models. Our conclusions remain unchanged.

[1]  I. Winograd.  Comment on “Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing” , 2016, Science.

[2]  T. Coplen.  Comment on “Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing” , 2016, Science.

[3]  R. Edwards,et al.  Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing , 2016, Science.

[4]  W. Broecker,et al.  Great Basin hydrology, paleoclimate, and connections with the North Atlantic: A speleothem stable isotope and trace element record from Lehman Caves, NV , 2015 .

[5]  M. Lachniet,et al.  Orbital control of western North America atmospheric circulation and climate over two glacial cycles , 2014, Nature Communications.

[6]  R. Edwards,et al.  Improvements in 230Th dating, 230Th and 234U half-life values, and U–Th isotopic measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , 2013 .

[7]  Christopher Bronk Ramsey,et al.  Recent and Planned Developments of the Program OxCal , 2013, Radiocarbon.

[8]  R. Edwards,et al.  High-precision and high-resolution carbonate 230Th dating by MC-ICP-MS with SEM protocols , 2012 .

[9]  Mark B. Hausner,et al.  Interpreting seasonal convective mixing in Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park, from temperature profiles observed by fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing , 2012 .

[10]  P. Clark,et al.  Milankovitch‐paced Termination II in a Nevada speleothem? , 2011 .

[11]  C. Spötl.  Long-term performance of the Gasbench isotope ratio mass spectrometry system for the stable isotope analysis of carbonate microsamples. , 2011, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[12]  C. Stirling,et al.  Precise determination of the open ocean 234U/238U composition , 2010 .

[13]  C. Ramsey.  Deposition models for chronological records , 2008 .

[14]  P. Kolesar,et al.  Influence Of Depositional Environment On Devil's Hole Calcite Morphology And Petrology , 2007 .

[15]  Tyler B. Coplen,et al.  Devils Hole, Nevada, δ 18O record extended to the mid-Holocene , 2006, Quaternary Research.

[16]  R. Ferguson,et al.  A Simple Universal Equation for Grain Settling Velocity , 2004 .

[17]  L. N. Plummer,et al.  In-situ Growth of Calcite at Devils Hole, Nevada: Comparison of Field and Laboratory Rates to a 500,000 Year Record of Near-Equilibrium Calcite Growth , 2000 .

[18]  J. M. Landwehr,et al.  Duration and Structure of the Past Four Interglaciations , 1997, Quaternary Research.

[19]  Christopher Bronk Ramsey,et al.  Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program , 1995, Radiocarbon.

[20]  N. Shackleton.  Last interglacial in Devils Hole , 1993, Nature.

[21]  R. Edwards,et al.  Dating of the devils hole calcite vein. , 1993, Science.

[22]  W. Broecker,et al.  Boundary Scavenging and Deep‐Sea Sediment Dating: Constraints from Excess 230Th and 231Pa , 1992 .

[23]  H. Yang,et al.  Scavenging of thorium in the ocean , 1987 .

[24]  W. G. Deuser,et al.  Seasonality in the flux of natural radionuclides and plutonium in the deep Sargasso Sea. Technical report , 1985 .

[25]  R. Anderson,et al.  Distribution of thorium isotopes between dissolved and particulate forms in the deep sea , 1982 .