Challenges and Opportunities in Future High-Capacity Optical Transmission Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the technology challenges for the implementation of future high-capacity systems incorporating channels at bit rates of 100 Gb/s and higher. It explains the improvements needed in optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) enhancement, and robustness against linear and non-linear impairments. It provides a review of the recent progress in the demonstration of high-bit-rate systems with novel modulation schemes including PM-QPSK, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and others as well as the related practical implementation issues. It analyzes the status of the current and future multilevel signal coding schemes for enhancing the spectral efficiency relative to the Shannon limit. It discusses the key optical technologies for the future high-capacity transmission systems such as novel optical fibers, amplification schemes, modulation formats, and optical integration. The introduction of wavelength division multiplexing channels at higher data rate has provided tremendous growth in the capacity of transmission systems. As the channel rates grow beyond 40 Gb/s to 100 Gb/s and higher, one key challenge is to enhance the spectral efficiency of the system. The transition in channel bit rate to 100 Gb/s and higher requires the conventional on off keying (OOK) modulation scheme and direct detection scheme to be abandoned in favor of the more advanced modulation formats such as polarization multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying PM-QPSK and coherent detection schemes. Coherent detection also poses significant challenges for high-speed chip development for both analog-to-digital conversion and digital signal processing. For transmission at these bit rates, every dB of OSNR improvement will be critical to achieving high-capacity transmission over terrestrial distances. Improvement of the noise figure of in-line amplifiers, for example, by using hybrid Raman/EDFAs will be important for these systems.

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