Two Are Better Than One: A Design Principle for Ultralong‐Persistent Luminescence of Pure Organics

Because of their innate ability to store and then release energy, long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have garnered strong research interest in a wide range of multidisciplinary fields, such as biomedical sciences, theranostics, and photonic devices. Although many inorganic LPL systems with afterglow durations of up to hours and days have been reported, organic systems have had difficulties reaching similar timescales. In this work, a design principle based on the successes of inorganic systems to produce an organic LPL (OLPL) system through the use of a strong organic electron trap is proposed. The resulting system generates detectable afterglow for up to 7 h, significantly longer than any other reported OLPL system. The design strategy demonstrates an easy methodology to develop organic long‐persistent phosphors, opening the door to new OLPL materials.

[1]  T. Ogawa,et al.  Room-temperature phosphorescence-to-phosphorescence mechanochromism of a metal-free organic 1,2-diketone , 2019, Journal of Materials Chemistry C.

[2]  Jie Pan,et al.  Room-Temperature Phosphorescence with Excitation-Energy Dependence and External Heavy-Atom Effect in Hybrid Zincophosphites. , 2019, Inorganic chemistry.

[3]  Kenry,et al.  Enhancing the performance of pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent luminophores , 2019, Nature Communications.

[4]  Chunhui Huang,et al.  Recent Advances in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials , 2019, Front. Chem..

[5]  Wei Huang,et al.  Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Metal‐Free Organic Materials , 2019, Annalen der Physik.

[6]  C. Adachi,et al.  Fabrication-method Independence of Organic Long-persistent Luminescence Performance , 2019, Chemistry Letters.

[7]  P. Data,et al.  Recent Advancements in and the Future of Organic Emitters: TADF‐ and RTP‐Active Multifunctional Organic Materials , 2019, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[8]  Zhen Li,et al.  Recent Advances in Purely Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Polymer , 2019, Chinese Journal of Polymer Science.

[9]  D. Scherman,et al.  Imaging and therapeutic applications of persistent luminescence nanomaterials , 2019, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[10]  H. Fu,et al.  Enhanced Room-Temperature Phosphorescence through Intermolecular Halogen/Hydrogen Bonding. , 2018, Chemistry.

[11]  S. Tanabe,et al.  Persistent luminescence instead of phosphorescence: History, mechanism, and perspective , 2019, Journal of Luminescence.

[12]  S. Hirata.  Ultralong-lived Room Temperature Triplet Excitons: Molecular Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics with Continuous Irradiation , 2018 .

[13]  Z. Qian,et al.  Photophysical Tuning of Organic Ionic Crystals from Ultralong Afterglow to Highly Efficient Phosphorescence by Variation of Halides. , 2018, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[14]  Wei Huang,et al.  Recent Advances in Polymer‐Based Metal‐Free Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials , 2018, Advanced Functional Materials.

[15]  C. Adachi,et al.  Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence from a Flexible and Transparent Doped Polymer , 2018, Advanced materials.

[16]  C. Adachi,et al.  Wide‐Range Tuning and Enhancement of Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence Using Emitter Dopants , 2018, Advanced materials.

[17]  J. Lam,et al.  A facile strategy for realizing room temperature phosphorescence and single molecule white light emission , 2018, Nature Communications.

[18]  J. Voskuhl,et al.  Phosphorescence Through Hindered Motion of Pure Organic Emitters. , 2018, Chemistry.

[19]  C. Botta,et al.  Metal free room temperature phosphorescence from molecular self-interactions in the solid state , 2018 .

[20]  Jia-rui Xu,et al.  Mechano-induced persistent room-temperature phosphorescence from purely organic molecules† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthetic procedures, experimental details and supplemental figures. CCDC 1581141. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see , 2018, Chemical science.

[21]  Zhen Li,et al.  Elucidating the Excited State of Mechanoluminescence in Organic Luminogens with Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[22]  C. Adachi,et al.  Organic long persistent luminescence , 2017, Nature.

[23]  Hongwei Song,et al.  Long‐Lasting Nanophosphors Applied to UV‐Resistant and Energy Storage Perovskite Solar Cells , 2017 .

[24]  J. Nowacki,et al.  Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Frozen Solvents: Charge Transfer and Local Triplet States Population Dynamics Revealed by Dual Phosphorescence. , 2017, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[25]  W. Tan,et al.  One-Dimensional Luminous Nanorods Featuring Tunable Persistent Luminescence for Autofluorescence-Free Biosensing. , 2017, ACS nano.

[26]  S. Hirata.  Recent Advances in Materials with Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence: Photophysics for Triplet Exciton Stabilization , 2017 .

[27]  T. Fukushima,et al.  Unveiling a New Aspect of Simple Arylboronic Esters: Long-Lived Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy-Atom-Free Molecules. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[28]  Wei Huang,et al.  Excited State Modulation for Organic Afterglow: Materials and Applications , 2016, Advanced materials.

[29]  B. Tang,et al.  Rational Molecular Design for Achieving Persistent and Efficient Pure Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence , 2016 .

[30]  Dongpeng Yan,et al.  Strongly Enhanced Long‐Lived Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence Based on the Formation of Metal–Organic Hybrids , 2016 .

[31]  Yang Li,et al.  Long persistent phosphors--from fundamentals to applications. , 2016, Chemical Society reviews.

[32]  Yan Liang,et al.  New function of the Yb3+ ion as an efficient emitter of persistent luminescence in the short-wave infrared , 2016, Light: Science & Applications.

[33]  Yuan-chun Wu,et al.  Intermolecular Electronic Coupling of Organic Units for Efficient Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[34]  Wei Huang,et al.  Stabilizing triplet excited states for ultralong organic phosphorescence. , 2015, Nature materials.

[35]  P. Thilagar,et al.  Recent advances in purely organic phosphorescent materials. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[36]  H. Yuasa,et al.  Visible room-temperature phosphorescence of pure organic crystals via a radical-ion-pair mechanism. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[37]  Mingyang Lu,et al.  Fluorescent Probe HKSOX-1 for Imaging and Detection of Endogenous Superoxide in Live Cells and In Vivo. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[38]  W. Fan,et al.  Direct Aqueous-Phase Synthesis of Sub-10 nm “Luminous Pearls” with Enhanced in Vivo Renewable Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[39]  H. Bässler,et al.  Charges and Excited States in Organic Semiconductors , 2015 .

[40]  H. Tian,et al.  A rapidly self-healing supramolecular polymer hydrogel with photostimulated room-temperature phosphorescence responsiveness. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[41]  Jinsang Kim,et al.  Tailoring intermolecular interactions for efficient room-temperature phosphorescence from purely organic materials in amorphous polymer matrices. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[42]  Didier Gourier,et al.  The in vivo activation of persistent nanophosphors for optical imaging of vascularization, tumours and grafted cells. , 2014, Nature materials.

[43]  Zhuo. Sun,et al.  Enhanced performance of cadmium selenide quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by incorporating long afterglow europium, dysprosium co-doped strontium aluminate phosphors. , 2014, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[44]  Kangwon Lee,et al.  Activating efficient phosphorescence from purely organic materials by crystal design. , 2011, Nature chemistry.

[45]  Zhengwei Pan,et al.  Sunlight-activated long-persistent luminescence in the near-infrared from Cr(3+)-doped zinc gallogermanates. , 2011, Nature materials.

[46]  R. Hicks.  Stable radicals : fundamentals and applied aspects of odd-electron compounds , 2010 .

[47]  T. Tidwell.  Triarylmethyl and Related Radicals , 2010 .

[48]  P. Smet,et al.  Persistent Luminescence in Eu2+-Doped Compounds: A Review , 2010, Materials.

[49]  B. Tang,et al.  Crystallization-Induced Phosphorescence of Pure Organic Luminogens at Room Temperature , 2010 .

[50]  M. C. Mancini,et al.  Bioimaging: second window for in vivo imaging. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[51]  M. Dewhirst,et al.  A dual-emissive-materials design concept enables tumour hypoxia imaging. , 2009, Nature materials.

[52]  Didier Gourier,et al.  Nanoprobes with near-infrared persistent luminescence for in vivo imaging , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[53]  S. Sumalekshmy,et al.  Reaction of aromatic amines with Cu(ClO4)2 in acetonitrile as a facile route to amine radical cation generation , 2005 .

[54]  Teng‐Ming Chen,et al.  Luminescence and energy transfer of Eu- and Mn-coactivated CaAl2Si2O8 as a potential phosphor for white-light UVLED , 2005 .

[55]  E. N. Harvey,et al.  A History of Luminescence: From the Earliest Times Until 1900 , 2005 .

[56]  William M. Yen,et al.  Inorganic Phosphors: Compositions, Preparation and Optical Properties , 2004 .

[57]  J. J. Shea,et al.  Photonic polymer systems- fundamentals, methods, and applications , 1999 .

[58]  T. Jüstel,et al.  New Developments in the Field of Luminescent Materials for Lighting and Displays. , 1998, Angewandte Chemie.

[59]  T. Vo‐Dinh,et al.  External heavy-atom effect in room-temperature phosphorescence , 1987 .

[60]  W. H. Hamill.  Debye–Edwards electron recombination kinetics , 1979 .

[61]  N. Turro.  Modern Molecular Photochemistry , 1978 .