A nanostructured graphene/polyaniline hybrid material for supercapacitors.

A flexible graphene/polyaniline hybrid material as a supercapacitor electrode was synthesized by an in situ polymerization-reduction/dedoping-redoping process. This product was first prepared in an ethylene glycol medium, then treated with hot sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline hybrid material. Sodium hydroxide also acted as a dedoping reagent for polyaniline in the composite. After redoping in an acidic solution, the thin, uniform and flexible conducting graphene/polyaniline product was obtained with unchanged morphology. The chemical structure of the materials was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The composite material showed better electrochemical performances than the pure individual components. A high specific capacitance of 1126 F g(-1) was obtained with a retention life of 84% after 1000 cycles for supercapacitors. The energy density and power density were also better than those of pure component materials.

[1]  Scott S. Verbridge,et al.  Electromechanical Resonators from Graphene Sheets , 2007, Science.

[2]  S. Stankovich,et al.  Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide , 2007 .

[3]  Xin Wang,et al.  Effect of graphene oxide on the properties of its composite with polyaniline. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[4]  Raoul Cervini,et al.  Synthesis of New Polyaniline/Nanotube Composites Using Ultrasonically Initiated Emulsion Polymerization , 2006 .

[5]  Xin Wang,et al.  Fabrication of flexible metal-nanoparticle films using graphene oxide sheets as substrates. , 2009, Small.

[6]  O. Chauvet,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of new polyaniline/nanotube composites , 2003 .

[7]  Bei Wang,et al.  In situ chemical synthesis of SnO2–graphene nanocomposite as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries , 2009 .

[8]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Graphene-based ultracapacitors. , 2008, Nano letters.

[9]  Xujie Yang,et al.  Graphene oxide doped polyaniline for supercapacitors , 2009 .

[10]  A. Manthiram,et al.  Rapid, Facile Microwave-Solvothermal Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets and Their Polyaniline Nanocomposites for Energy Strorage , 2009 .

[11]  Wei Gao,et al.  New insights into the structure and reduction of graphite oxide. , 2009, Nature chemistry.

[12]  P. J. Ollivier,et al.  Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Ultrathin Composite Films from Micron-Sized Graphite Oxide Sheets and Polycations , 1999 .

[13]  G. Lu,et al.  Fabrication of Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Paper via In Situ Anodic Electropolymerization for High-Performance Flexible Electrode. , 2009, ACS nano.

[14]  Guoliang Zhang,et al.  Deoxygenation of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide under Alkaline Conditions: A Green Route to Graphene Preparation , 2008 .

[15]  Yan Wang,et al.  A hybrid material of graphene and poly (3,4-ethyldioxythiophene) with high conductivity, flexibility, and transparency , 2009 .

[16]  Yan‐Bing He,et al.  Low-temperature exfoliated graphenes: vacuum-promoted exfoliation and electrochemical energy storage. , 2009, ACS nano.

[17]  Yen-Wen Lin,et al.  Doped polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites: Preparation, characterization and properties , 2006 .

[18]  F. Wei,et al.  Preparation of a graphene nanosheet/polyaniline composite with high specific capacitance , 2010 .

[19]  J. Buisson,et al.  Theoretical and experimental vibrational study of emeraldine in salt form. Part II , 2000 .

[20]  Stephen Mann,et al.  Fabrication of Graphene–Polymer Nanocomposites With Higher‐Order Three‐Dimensional Architectures , 2009 .

[21]  Q. Hao,et al.  Exchange of counter anions in electropolymerized polyaniline films , 2010 .

[22]  Serge Lefrant,et al.  Polyaniline and Carbon Nanotubes Based Composites Containing Whole Units and Fragments of Nanotubes , 2003 .

[23]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films , 2004, Science.

[24]  Kai Zhang,et al.  Graphene/Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites as Supercapacitor Electrodes , 2010 .

[25]  Shuying An,et al.  Microwave-assisted synthesis and electrochemical capacitance of polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nanotubes composite , 2007 .

[26]  T. Mallouk,et al.  Morphology of Template-Grown Polyaniline Nanowires and Its Effect on the Electrochemical Capacitance of Nanowire Arrays , 2008 .