Bringing Gender into Technology: A Case Study in User-Interface-Design and the Perspective of Gender Experts

Including gender knowledge in SET (Science, Engineering and Technology) research is increasingly seen as a means to create new knowledge and technology. This paper describes interactions, problems and strategies developed in research projects where an external gender expert introduces gender knowledge to a SET research team. The central task of gender experts here is informing researchers who have no or little previous gender knowledge. Based on the experiences of six gender experts who have been working in various SET projects, the realities, possibilities and limitations of gender knowledge transfer are explored. Four distinct topics were stressed by all experts, namely the process of mutual learning, problems with the credibility of gender knowledge, the importance of changes in as well the organisational context as the working cultures and the smallness of the adaptations that actually were achieved within the projects. I will conclude with reflections of what needs to be secured to make Gender into Technology an emancipatory project. My reflections are based on the theoretical debates in the fields of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Feminist Technology Studies. Normal 0 21 false false false DE-AT X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

[1]  H. Corneliussen Technologies of inclusion. Gender in the Information Society , 2014 .

[2]  E. Pollitzer Why Gender should be a Priority for our Attention in Science , 2011 .

[3]  M. Meuser Geschlecht und Männlichkeit , 1998 .

[4]  Jennifer Ann Rode,et al.  A theoretical agenda for feminist HCI , 2011, Interact. Comput..

[5]  C. Wiesemann,et al.  Sex & Gender in Biomedicine: Theories, Methodologies, Results , 2011 .

[6]  W. Faulkner The technology question in feminism: A view from feminist technology studies , 2001 .

[7]  D. Haraway Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature , 1990 .

[8]  Directorate-General Science policies in the European Union : promoting excellence through mainstreaming gender equality : a report from the ETAN Expert Working Group on Women and Science , 2000 .

[9]  Nick von Tunzelmann,et al.  Benchmarking policy measures for gender equality in science , 2008 .

[10]  Deborah Compeau,et al.  Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test , 1995, MIS Q..

[11]  M. Haselton,et al.  Error management theory: a new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading. , 2000, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[12]  C. Wiesemann,et al.  Sex and gender in biomedicine , 2010 .

[13]  S. Franks,et al.  Telling Stories About Engineering: Group Dynamics and Resistance to Diversity , 2004 .

[14]  Linda R. Owen Distorting the past : gender and the division of labor in the European Upper Paleolithic , 2005 .

[15]  Scott E. Caplan,et al.  Who plays, how much, and why? Debunking the stereotypical gamer profile , 2008, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[16]  Keith Roe,et al.  The digital divide in the playstation generation: Self-efficacy, locus of control and ICT adoption among adolescents , 2006 .

[17]  Ina Wagner,et al.  Women's voice: The case of nursing information systems , 1993, AI & SOCIETY.

[18]  Harvey Klehr Distorting the past , 2004 .

[19]  Shaowen Bardzell,et al.  Feminist HCI: taking stock and outlining an agenda for design , 2010, CHI.

[20]  Nicolas Duvoux Feminism, Capitalism, and the Cunning of History , 2009 .

[21]  Kerry Hamilton,et al.  A Gender Audit for Public Transport: A New Policy Tool in the Tackling of Social Exclusion , 2000 .

[22]  Susan E. Babbitt,et al.  Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives. , 1993 .

[23]  H. Jensen Recommendations for Action on the Gender Dimension in Science: genSET Consensus Seminar Report , 2010 .

[24]  I. Wagner,et al.  Persuasive Artefacts in Architectural Design and Planning , 2000 .

[25]  C. Peterson,et al.  Women and Science. , 1964, Science.

[26]  W. Faulkner The Power and the Pleasure? A Research Agenda for “Making Gender Stick” to Engineers , 2000 .

[27]  Aristidis Protopsaltis,et al.  Gender and information processing in electronic age , 2008, SIGDOC '08.

[28]  E. Bell Antigen presentation: Mapping the maze , 2002, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[29]  Sigrid Schmitz,et al.  Gender Differences in Acquisition of Environmental Knowledge Related to Wayfinding Behavior, Spatial Anxiety and Self-Estimated Environmental Competencies , 1999 .

[30]  A. Strauss,et al.  Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. , 1992 .

[31]  J. Wajcman Technology as a Site of Feminist Politics , 2008 .

[32]  Kerstin Palm Räumliches Vorstellungsvermögen - von Natur aus Männersache? , 2011 .

[33]  Hermann Kaindl,et al.  Tool support for automated multi-device GUI generation from discourse-based communication models , 2013, EICS '13.

[34]  Nalini Kotamraju,et al.  Playing stupid, caring for users, and putting on a good show: Feminist acts in usability study work , 2011, Interact. Comput..

[35]  A. Strauss,et al.  Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. , 1993 .

[36]  Trevor T. Moores,et al.  Self-efficacy, overconfidence, and the negative effect on subsequent performance: A field study , 2009, Inf. Manag..

[37]  Londa Schiebinger,et al.  Interdisciplinary Approaches to Achieving Gendered Innovations in Science, Medicine, and Engineering1 , 2011 .

[38]  Michael Muller,et al.  Feminism asks the "Who" questions in HCI , 2011, Interact. Comput..

[39]  D. MacKenzie,et al.  The social shaping of technology : how the refrigerator got its hum , 1985 .

[40]  D. Haraway,et al.  Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium. FemaleMan_Meets_OncoMouse , 1997 .

[41]  Peter Bartelmus Statistics and Indicators , 2008 .

[42]  J. Mossman Women's Voices , 2007 .

[43]  H. Longino Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry , 1990 .

[44]  Kathleen Lennon,et al.  Modest_ Witness@Second__Millennium.FemaleMan.© Meets_Oncomouse™: Feminism and Technoscience , 1998 .

[45]  Gendered innovations in science and engineering, edited by Londa Schiebinger , 2011 .

[46]  Teresa K. Woodruff,et al.  Sex bias in trials and treatment must end , 2010, Nature.

[47]  Emma Kimor THE WOMEN'S VOICE , 2013 .

[48]  Shaowen Bardzell,et al.  Towards a feminist HCI methodology: social science, feminism, and HCI , 2011, CHI.

[49]  E. Keller Reflections on Gender and Science , 1985 .

[50]  Anne Fausto-Sterling,et al.  Women and science , 1981 .

[51]  S. Wilkinson,et al.  The emerging importance of feminist research paradigms in built environment research , 2007 .

[52]  V. Degraef Gender and Excellence in the Making , 2004 .

[53]  Ove Edvard Hatlevik,et al.  Gender-differences in Self-efficacy ICT related to various ICT-user profiles in Finland and Norway. How do self-efficacy, gender and ICT-user profiles relate to findings from PISA 2006 , 2011, Comput. Educ..