Amperometric detection of NO and NO2 in the ppb range with solid-polymer electrolyte membrane supported noble metal electrodes

Abstract NO and NO 2 can be detected amperometrically on both gold and platinum electrodes deposited on SPE membranes in contact with sulfuric acid. The two analytes are oxidized at +700 mV versus MSE in the double layer region of a gold electrode and in the oxide region in the case of a platinum electrode. Due to different sensitivity ratios for NO and NO 2 at the two electrodes, the concentration of each analyte in a mixture of the gases can be determined. The detection limits (S/N=3, n =5) for NO and NO 2 were found to be 1.2 ppb (v/v) and 3.8 ppb on a Au-Nafion electrode and 22 ppb (v/v) and 17 ppb on a Pt-Nafion electrode, respectively. The well-known interference by SO 2 could be suppressed significantly by using a concentration of sulfuric acid of 10 M. At this high concentration of the acid, the cross sensitivity to SO 2 is more than 10-times lower compared to a cell with 0.5 M sulfuric acid, while the sensitivities for NO and NO 2 are almost identical for both acid concentrations.

[1]  Larry R. Jordan,et al.  Amperometric Gas Sensors of High Sensitivity , 1999 .

[2]  A. Fontijn,et al.  Homogeneous chemiluminescent measurement of nitric oxide with ozone. Implications for continuous selective monitoring of gaseous air pollutants , 1970 .

[3]  F. Opekar,et al.  Amperometric solid-state NO2 sensor based on plasticized PVC matrix containing a hydrophobic electrolyte , 1997 .

[4]  J. Do,et al.  Amperometric nitric oxide gas sensor: preparation of Au/SPE and sensing behavior , 2000 .

[5]  D. Krochmal,et al.  A method of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide determination in ambient air by use of passive samplers and ion chromatography , 1997 .

[6]  P. Gifford,et al.  Determination of sulfur dioxide by reaction with electrogenerated bromine in a thin-layer cell having a gas-porous wall , 1980 .

[7]  F. Opekar.  An amperometric solid‐state sensor for Nitrogen dioxide based on a solid polymer electrolyte , 1992 .

[8]  Rosanna Toniolo,et al.  Electroanalytical Sensors for Nonconducting Media Based on Electrodes Supported on Perfluorinated Ion-Exchange Membranes , 1997 .

[9]  Karel Štulík,et al.  Electrochemical sensors with solid polymer electrolytes , 1999 .

[10]  K. Blurton,et al.  A new electrochemical analyser for nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. , 1976, Talanta.

[11]  Y. Maeda,et al.  Chemiluminescence method for the determination of nitrogen dioxide , 1980 .

[12]  A. Peck,et al.  Trace detection of NO and NO2 by photoionization and laser induced fluorescence techniques , 1999 .

[13]  Joseph R. Stetter,et al.  Electrochemical NO2 gas sensors: Model and mechanism for the electroreduction of NO2 , 1990 .

[14]  Carles Cané,et al.  Detection of low NO2 concentrations with low power micromachined tin oxide gas sensors , 1999 .

[15]  Beat Müller,et al.  Amperometric detection of gaseous ethanol and acetaldehyde at low concentrations on an Au–Nafion electrode , 1999 .

[16]  P. Hauser,et al.  Amperometric sensing of ethylene oxide in the gas phase. , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[17]  M. Della Monica,et al.  Simultaneous determination of SO2, NO and NO2 in air by differential pulse polarography , 1979 .

[18]  Norio Miura,et al.  A COMPACT SOLID-STATE AMPEROMETRIC SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF NO2 IN PPB RANGE , 1998 .

[19]  Peter C. Hauser,et al.  Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of SO2 in the Low-ppb Range , 1999 .

[20]  I. Bergman.  The voltammetry of some oxidising and reducing toxic gases direct from the gas phase, at gold and platinum metallised-membrane electrodes in acid and alkali , 1983 .

[21]  J. Do,et al.  Electrochemical nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on solid polymeric electrolyte , 1996 .

[22]  T. Gibbs,et al.  The electrochemistry of gases at metallized membrane electrodes , 1980 .

[23]  Peter S. Fedkiw,et al.  In Situ Electrode Formation on a Nafion Membrane by Chemical Platinization , 1992 .

[24]  Highly sensitive NO2 sensor device featuring a JFET-like transducer mechanism , 1998 .

[25]  Takayoshi Hayashi,et al.  System for detecting environmental ppb-level nitrogen dioxide I , 1999 .

[26]  Claude Lamy,et al.  Optimization of platinum dispersion in Pt–PEM electrodes: application to the electrooxidation of ethanol , 1998 .

[27]  A. Sammells,et al.  Gas‐Phase CO 2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons at Metal/Solid Polymer Electrolyte Interface , 1990 .

[28]  M. Deen,et al.  Sensors for detecting sub-ppm NO{sub 2} using photochemically produced amorphous tungsten oxide , 1998 .