Comparison of Reaction Times of a Visual and a Haptic Cue for Teaching Eco-Driving

Climate change increases the interest in Green Information Systems (IS) research. Green IS technologies enable the reduction of energy consumption by teaching eco-driving to make the driver aware of inefficient fuel consumption. To teach eco-driving (energy-efficient human behavior), car manufacturers applied in-car information systems. Due to the increasing visual in-car information, alternative solutions are necessary. However, the haptic interaction channel has a short reaction time for a given cue and seems to be an applicable solution to replace visual in-car information. The examined studies investigating haptic cues in the context of energy consumption and automotive applications have used the gas pedal—with lower user acceptance—to interact with the driver. For this reason, we investigate a smartwatch as the haptic cue in a laboratory experiment to teach eco-driving.

[1]  Klaus Bengler,et al.  Eye Gaze Studies Comparing Head-Up and Head-Down Displays in Vehicles , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[2]  Lee Skrypchuk,et al.  Visual-haptic feedback interaction in automotive touchscreens , 2012, Displays.

[3]  Peter Bengtsson,et al.  Driver behaviour during haptic and visual secondary tasks , 2009, AutomotiveUI.

[4]  Manfred Tscheligi,et al.  Acceptance of future persuasive in-car interfaces towards a more economic driving behaviour , 2009, AutomotiveUI.

[5]  Helmut Krcmar,et al.  Analyzing Measures for the Construct "Energy-Conscious Driving": A Synthesized Measurement Model to Operationalize Eco-Feedback , 2018, PACIS.

[6]  Michel André,et al.  The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[7]  I. Scott MacKenzie,et al.  Performance differences in the fingers, wrist, and forearm in computer input control , 1997, CHI.

[8]  Annie W. Y. Ng,et al.  Finger response times to visual, auditory and tactile modality stimuli , 2012, IMECS 2012.

[9]  Moritz Körber,et al.  Energy Flow: A Multimodal 'Ready' Indication For Electric Vehicles , 2014, AutomotiveUI.

[10]  Karon E. MacLean,et al.  Haptic Interaction Design for Everyday Interfaces , 2008 .

[11]  René van Paassen,et al.  Design of a Haptic Gas Pedal for Active Car-Following Support , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[12]  Robert Oostenveld,et al.  Tactile stimulation accelerates behavioral responses to visual stimuli through enhancement of occipital gamma-band activity , 2009, Vision Research.

[13]  Andy P. Field,et al.  Discovering Statistics Using Ibm Spss Statistics , 2017 .

[14]  Andreas Butz,et al.  HapTouch and the 2+1 state model: potentials of haptic feedback on touch based in-vehicle information systems , 2010, AutomotiveUI.

[15]  S. A. Birrell,et al.  Vibrotactile pedals: provision of haptic feedback to support economical driving , 2013, Ergonomics.

[16]  D. Hoaglin,et al.  Fine-Tuning Some Resistant Rules for Outlier Labeling , 1987 .

[17]  Mark S. Young,et al.  Delivering smart driving feedback through a haptic pedal , 2010 .

[18]  Richard P. Martin,et al.  Toward Detection of Unsafe Driving with Wearables , 2015, WearSys@MobiSys.

[19]  S. Azzi,et al.  Eco-Driving Performance Assessment With in-Car Visual and Haptic Feedback Assistance , 2010, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[20]  Maja Fischer,et al.  What makes car users adopt an environmentally friendly driving style , 2012 .

[21]  Matthias Christoph Utesch.  A Successful Approach to Study Skills: Go4C's Projects Strengthen Teamwork , 2016, Int. J. Eng. Pedagog..

[22]  Sergio Ríos-Aguilar,et al.  Variation of the Heartbeat and Activity as an Indicator of Drowsiness at the Wheel Using a Smartwatch , 2015, Int. J. Interact. Multim. Artif. Intell..

[23]  Steven Broekx,et al.  Using on-board logging devices to study the longer-term impact of an eco-driving course , 2009 .

[24]  Albrecht Schmidt,et al.  Design space for driver-based automotive user interfaces , 2009, AutomotiveUI.

[25]  R. Baayen,et al.  Analyzing Reaction Times , 2010 .

[26]  R. Whelan.  Effective Analysis of Reaction Time Data , 2008 .

[27]  E. V. Van Teijlingen,et al.  The importance of pilot studies. , 2002, Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987).

[28]  Natasha Merat,et al.  Interface design considerations for an in-vehicle eco-driving assistance system , 2015 .

[29]  Jeffrey Gonder,et al.  Analyzing Vehicle Fuel Saving Opportunities through Intelligent Driver Feedback , 2012 .

[30]  Bastian Pfleging,et al.  An Introduction to Automotive User Interfaces , 2016, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[31]  A. Hamish Jamson,et al.  Drivers’ ability to learn eco-driving skills; effects on fuel efficient and safe driving behaviour , 2015 .

[32]  R. Bakeman.  Recommended effect size statistics for repeated measures designs , 2005, Behavior research methods.

[33]  M Mulder,et al.  Haptic gas pedal feedback , 2008, Ergonomics.

[34]  Flaviu Cristian,et al.  Probabilistic clock synchronization , 1989, Distributed Computing.

[35]  Cristian Secchi,et al.  Virtual Fixtures for Secondary Tasks , 2008, HCIS.

[36]  R. Ratcliff.  Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers. , 1993, Psychological bulletin.

[37]  J. Barkenbus.  Eco-driving: An overlooked climate change initiative , 2010 .

[38]  Helmut Krcmar,et al.  The Playful Approach to Teaching How to Program: Evidence by a Case Study , 2017 .

[39]  Martin Brockmann,et al.  Driver Reactions on Ecological Driver Feedback Via Different HMI Modalities , 2012 .

[40]  Richard T. Watson,et al.  Information Systems and Environmentally Sustainable Development: Energy Informatics and New Directions for the IS Community , 2010, MIS Q..

[41]  Gang Li,et al.  Smartwatch-Based Wearable EEG System for Driver Drowsiness Detection , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[42]  Marc Green,et al.  "How Long Does It Take to Stop?" Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times , 2000 .

[43]  R. Brent Gillespie,et al.  Sharing Control Between Humans and Automation Using Haptic Interface: Primary and Secondary Task Performance Benefits , 2005, Hum. Factors.

[44]  James A. Landay,et al.  The design of eco-feedback technology , 2010, CHI.

[45]  Cristiana Cavina-Pratesi,et al.  Redundant target effect and intersensory facilitation from visual-tactile interactions in simple reaction time , 2002, Experimental Brain Research.