Modeling and compensation method of heat error of numerical control machine tool

The invention discloses a modeling and compensation method of a thermal error of a numerical control machine tool. The method includes the first step of searching heat points of the machine tool by means of an infrared imager, finding an area with a highest temperature in each heat area by means of heat infrared images of all portions of the machine tool displayed by the infrared imager, and arranging a temperature sensor at a position with the highest temperature in each heat area; the second step of taking heat source temperatures measured through tests as input signals and hot deformation of the machine tool as an output signal, and obtaining system pulse response models in the method of deconvolution; and the third step of sequentially inputting temperature change sequences and the corresponding machine tool pulse response models in compensation and carrying out the deconvolution to obtain a heat error predicted value of the machine tool. According to the modeling and compensation method, searching for best temperature measurement points is simple and quick; by the method of the deconvolution, the modeling precision is high; by means of the pulse response models, transportability is good; and the response speed is high, and real-time performance requirements for compensation of the machine tool can be completely met.