Waiting list may be a nocebo condition in psychotherapy trials: a contribution from network meta‐analysis

Various control conditions have been employed in psychotherapy trials, but there is growing suspicion that they may lead to different effect size estimates. The present study aims to examine the differences among control conditions including waiting list (WL), no treatment (NT) and psychological placebo (PP).

[1]  T. Furukawa,et al.  Psychotherapy for depression among children and adolescents: a systematic review , 2007, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[2]  T. Furukawa,et al.  Imputing response rates from means and standard deviations in meta-analyses , 2005, International clinical psychopharmacology.

[3]  Michele Tarsilla.  Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions , 2010, Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation.

[4]  P. Wilson,et al.  Combined pharmacological and behavioural treatment of depression. , 1982, Behaviour research and therapy.

[5]  M. Pinquart,et al.  Treatments for later-life depressive conditions: a meta-analytic comparison of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. , 2006, The American journal of psychiatry.

[6]  M. Hautzinger,et al.  [Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients--a controlled, randomized trial]. , 2004, Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie.

[7]  D. Kavanagh,et al.  Mechanisms of improvement in treatment for depression : test of a self-efficacy and performance model , 1990 .

[8]  Juned Siddique,et al.  Treating depression in predominantly low-income young minority women: a randomized controlled trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[9]  Andrea Cipriani,et al.  Conceptual and Technical Challenges in Network Meta-analysis , 2013, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[10]  Alex J. Sutton,et al.  Heterogeneity: Subgroups, Meta-Regression, Bias And Bias-Adjustment , 2011 .

[11]  J. Frank,et al.  Psychotherapy and the placebo effect. , 2011, Psychological bulletin.

[12]  S. C. Stoner.  Approaches to the treatment of depression. , 2002, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association.

[13]  J. Cullen.  Testing the Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Unipolar Depression , 2002 .

[14]  B. Wampold,et al.  Establishing specificity in psychotherapy: a meta-analysis of structural equivalence of placebo controls. , 2003, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[15]  M. Barrera.  An evaluation of a brief group therapy for depression. , 1979, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[16]  Wolfgang Viechtbauer,et al.  Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package , 2010 .

[17]  A Whitehead,et al.  Borrowing strength from external trials in a meta-analysis. , 1996, Statistics in medicine.

[18]  D. Wong.  Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: a randomized wait‐list control design , 2008, Depression and anxiety.

[19]  D Gallagher,et al.  Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies for depressed elders. , 1987, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[20]  M. Allen,et al.  A Meta‐Analysis of Common Factor and Specific Treatment Effects Across the Outcome Domains of the Phase Model of Psychotherapy , 2006 .

[21]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. , 1984, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[22]  S. Embling.  The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in depression. , 2002, Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987).

[23]  M. Hess-Homeier.  A COMPARISON OF BECK'S COGNITIVE THERAPY AND JOGGING AS TREATMENTS FOR DEPRESSION , 1981 .

[24]  A. Hrõbjartsson,et al.  Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions. , 2004, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[25]  J. K. Besyner.  The comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral treatments of depression: A multi-assessment approach , 1978 .

[26]  G. Andersson,et al.  The effects of psychotherapy for adult depression are overestimated: a meta-analysis of study quality and effect size , 2009, Psychological Medicine.

[27]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  Nonspecific improvement effects in depression using interpersonal skills training, pleasant activity schedules, or cognitive training. , 1979, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

[28]  D. Wong.  Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: randomized wait-list control study. , 2008, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[29]  M. Perri,et al.  Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: an initial dismantling investigation. , 1989, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[30]  L. Rebecca Propst,et al.  The comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious imagery for the treatment of mild depression in religious individuals , 1980, Cognitive Therapy and Research.

[31]  P. Watkins,et al.  Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. , 1992, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[32]  P. McKenna,et al.  Cognitive behavioural therapy for major psychiatric disorder: does it really work? A meta-analytical review of well-controlled trials , 2009, Psychological Medicine.

[33]  K. Edwards,et al.  A Comparison of Secular and Religious Versions of Cognitive Therapy with Depressed Christian College Students , 1984 .

[34]  S. Hollon,et al.  The Selection and Design of Control Conditions for Randomized Controlled Trials of Psychological Interventions , 2009, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

[35]  C. Dowrick,et al.  Problem solving treatment and group psychoeducation for depression: multicentre randomised controlled trial , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[36]  Z. Hamamci,et al.  Integrating psychodrama and cognitive behavioral therapy to treat moderate depression , 2006 .

[37]  C. Cope,et al.  Effects of assertion training on depression. , 1980, Journal of clinical psychology.

[38]  Gerhard Andersson,et al.  Psychotherapy for Depression in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Outcome Studies , 2010 .

[39]  P. Cuijpers,et al.  Characteristics of effective psychological treatments of depression: a metaregression analysis , 2008, Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research.

[40]  J. Coyne,et al.  Effects of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in depressed primary-care patients: a randomized, controlled trial including a patients' choice arm. , 2010, The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology.

[41]  Gerhard Andersson,et al.  Efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy and other psychological treatments for adult depression: meta-analytic study of publication bias , 2010, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[42]  P. Fry.  Cognitive Training and Cognitive-Behavioral Variables in the Treatment of Depression in the Elderly , 1984 .

[43]  A. Beck,et al.  An inventory for measuring depression. , 1961, Archives of general psychiatry.

[44]  A. Baker,et al.  A systematic review of psychological interventions for excessive alcohol consumption among people with psychotic disorders , 2012, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[45]  Deborah M Caldwell,et al.  Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression. , 2013, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[46]  M. Buszewicz,et al.  Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. , 2009, Archives of general psychiatry.

[47]  M. Faramarzi,et al.  Treatment of depression and anxiety in infertile women: cognitive behavioral therapy versus fluoxetine. , 2008, Journal of affective disorders.

[48]  L. Comas-Díaz.  Effects of cognitive and behavioral group treatment on the depressive symptomatology of Puerto Rican women. , 1981, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[49]  P. Areán,et al.  Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. , 1993, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[50]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Methods to convert continuous outcomes into odds ratios of treatment response and numbers needed to treat: meta-epidemiological study. , 2012, International journal of epidemiology.

[51]  N. Jacobson,et al.  Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. , 1991, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[52]  Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. , 1992 .

[53]  Rachel Churchill,et al.  Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression. , 2018, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[54]  J. Jakobsen,et al.  The Effects of Cognitive Therapy versus ‘No Intervention’ for Major Depressive Disorder , 2011, PloS one.

[55]  T. Borkovec,et al.  Problems with the use of placebo conditions in psychotherapy research, suggested alternatives, and some strategies for the pursuit of the placebo phenomenon. , 2005, Journal of clinical psychology.

[56]  Bradley P. Carlin,et al.  Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit , 2002 .

[57]  A. Hamdan-Mansour,et al.  Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Depressive Symptomatology, Stress and Coping Strategies among Jordanian University Students , 2009, Issues in mental health nursing.

[58]  M. Scott,et al.  An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. , 1985, The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[59]  S D Walter,et al.  The results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 1997, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[60]  L. Rehm,et al.  A self-control behavior therapy program for depression. , 1977, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[61]  M. Hautzinger,et al.  Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Klimakterium , 2004 .

[62]  C. Dowrick,et al.  Estimating psychological treatment effects from a randomised controlled trial with both non-compliance and loss to follow-up , 2003, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[63]  T. Scheewe,et al.  Yoga in schizophrenia: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials , 2012, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[64]  M. Hautzinger,et al.  Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter , 2004, Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie.

[65]  J. Wollersheim,et al.  Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. , 1991 .

[66]  B. Shaw.  Comparison of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy in the treatment of depression. , 1977, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[67]  W. R. Miller,et al.  Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program , 1983, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[68]  N. Laird,et al.  Meta-analysis in clinical trials. , 1986, Controlled clinical trials.

[69]  Anne Marie Albano,et al.  Computer-assisted cognitive therapy for depression: maintaining efficacy while reducing therapist time. , 2005, The American journal of psychiatry.

[70]  Anna Chaimani,et al.  Using network meta‐analysis to evaluate the existence of small‐study effects in a network of interventions , 2012, Research synthesis methods.

[71]  P. Wilson,et al.  Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression , 1983, Cognitive Therapy and Research.

[72]  M. Hamilton.  A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION , 1960, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[73]  W. Marshall,et al.  Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression , 1977, Cognitive Therapy and Research.

[74]  D. Dixon,et al.  Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. , 1993 .

[75]  A. Nezu.  Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. , 1986, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[76]  C. Barbaranelli,et al.  Dropping out of psychiatric treatment: a methodological contribution , 2012, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.