The science of interpersonal touch: An overview

[1]  B. Major Gender Patterns in Touching Behavior , 1981 .

[2]  Matthew J. Hertenstein Touch: Its Communicative Functions in Infancy , 2002, Human Development.

[3]  Judee K. Burgoon,et al.  TOWARD A THEORY OF PERSONAL SPACE EXPECTATIONS AND THEIR VIOLATIONS , 1976 .

[4]  Jodi Forlizzi,et al.  The Hug: a new form for communication , 2003, DUX '03.

[5]  Nicolas Guéguen,et al.  Tactile Contact and Evaluation of the Toucher , 2007, The Journal of social psychology.

[6]  Z. Wang,et al.  Vasopressin in the lateral septum regulates pair bond formation in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). , 2001, Behavioral neuroscience.

[7]  T. Johnstone,et al.  The voice of emotion: an FMRI study of neural responses to angry and happy vocal expressions. , 2006, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[8]  M. Inzlicht,et al.  Sex differences in response to physical and social factors involved in human mate selection The importance of smell for women , 2002 .

[9]  Robert Sommer,et al.  Invasions of Personal Space , 1966 .

[10]  K. Light,et al.  Warm Partner Contact Is Related to Lower Cardiovascular Reactivity , 2003, Behavioral medicine.

[11]  Scott Brave,et al.  inTouch: a medium for haptic interpersonal communication , 1997, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[12]  R. Herz,et al.  Differential use of sensory information in sexual behavior as a function of gender , 1997, Human nature.

[13]  Charles Spence,et al.  The cognitive and neural correlates of tactile memory. , 2009, Psychological bulletin.

[14]  Martin R. Gibbs,et al.  Mediating intimacy: designing technologies to support strong-tie relationships , 2005, CHI.

[15]  K. Catania,et al.  Development of partner preferences in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster): The role of social and sexual experience , 1992, Hormones and Behavior.

[16]  P R Burgess,et al.  Dynamic properties of mechanoreceptors with unmyelinated (C) fibers. , 1971, Journal of neurophysiology.

[17]  M. Lewis,et al.  Soothing and stress , 1999 .

[18]  Judy Czylok A SENSE OF TOUCH , 1979, Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987).

[19]  P. Stratton Psychobiology of the Human Newborn , 1982 .

[20]  David R. Maines,et al.  Tactile relationships in the subway as affected by racial, sexual, and crowded seating situations , 1977 .

[21]  Hiroshi Ishii,et al.  LumiTouch: an emotional communication device , 2001, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[22]  Jodi Forlizzi,et al.  The Hug: an exploration of robotic form for intimate communication , 2003, The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2003. Proceedings. ROMAN 2003..

[23]  R. Zajonc,et al.  Subliminal Mere Exposure: Specific, General, and Diffuse Effects , 2000, Psychological science.

[24]  K. Scherer,et al.  Handbook of affective sciences. , 2003 .

[25]  M Valentini,et al.  Residual haptic sensation following stroke using ipsilateral stimulation , 2007, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry.

[26]  M. Argyle,et al.  EYE-CONTACT, DISTANCE AND AFFILIATION. , 1965, Sociometry.

[27]  Marita Cribou De Chomaso “Touch Power” and the screen of loneliness , 1971 .

[28]  Carlo V Bellieni,et al.  Sensorial Saturation for Neonatal Analgesia , 2007, The Clinical journal of pain.

[29]  S. Porges LOVE: AN EMERGENT PROPERTY OF THE MAMMALIAN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM , 1998, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

[30]  Jacob Hornik,et al.  Tactile Stimulation and Consumer Response , 1992 .

[31]  J. Burgoon,et al.  Nonverbal Communication: The Unspoken Dialogue , 1988 .

[32]  M. Ernst,et al.  Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion , 2002, Nature.

[33]  C. Struckman‐Johnson,et al.  College men's and women's reactions to hypothetical sexual touch varied by initiator gender and coercion level , 1993 .

[34]  A. Montagu,et al.  The skin, touch, and human development. , 1984, Clinics in dermatology.

[35]  D. Magnusson,et al.  The psychobiology of emotion: the role of the oxytocinergic system , 2005, International journal of behavioral medicine.

[36]  S. Thayer,et al.  History and strategies of research on social touch , 1986 .

[37]  S. Weitz Nonverbal Communication: Readings With Commentary , 1974 .

[38]  "Touch power" and the screen of loneliness. , 1971, Perspectives in psychiatric care.

[39]  E. Rolls The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and temperature in the brain , 2010, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[40]  R. Zajonc Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. , 1968 .

[41]  H. Harlow The Nature of Love , 1958 .

[42]  R. Dolan,et al.  A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating "unseen" fear. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[43]  P. Andersen,et al.  International Patterns of Interpersonal Tactile Communication: A Field Study , 1998 .

[44]  Ulrike Ehlert,et al.  Effects of different kinds of couple interaction on cortisol and heart rate responses to stress in women , 2007, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

[45]  M. Hollender The need or wish to be held. , 1970, Archives of general psychiatry.

[46]  Pascal Belin,et al.  Amygdala responses to nonlinguistic emotional vocalizations , 2007, NeuroImage.

[47]  Pedro Montoya,et al.  Affective modulation of somatosensory-evoked potentials elicited by tactile stimulation , 2006, Brain Research.

[48]  K. Berkley,et al.  Are there separate central nervous system pathways for touch and pain? , 1995, Nature Medicine.

[49]  Y. Lamarre,et al.  Unmyelinated tactile afferents signal touch and project to insular cortex , 2002, Nature Neuroscience.

[50]  N. Henley,et al.  Gender and Nonverbal Behavior , 1981 .

[51]  F. Shann Suckling and sugar reduce pain in babies , 2007, The Lancet.

[52]  S Weinstein,et al.  Intensive and extensive aspects of tactile sensitivity as a function of body part, sex, and laterality , 1968 .

[53]  J. Fisher,et al.  Multidimensional reaction to therapeutic touch in a hospital setting. , 1979, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[54]  Thomas R. Insel,et al.  A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles , 1993, Nature.

[55]  A. Irwin The Politics of Talk , 2006 .

[56]  C. Carpenter Behavioral regulators of behavior in primates , 1973 .

[57]  Nicolas Guéguen,et al.  Another Evaluation of Touch and Helping Behavior , 2003, Psychological reports.

[58]  R. Shuter,et al.  A field study of nonverbal communication in Germany, Italy, and the United States , 1977 .

[59]  S. Bryson,et al.  Studying the Emergence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in High-risk Infants: Methodological and Practical Issues , 2007, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[60]  S. Stewart-Brown,et al.  Massage intervention for promoting mental and physical health in infants aged under six months. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[61]  C. Carter,et al.  Sex differences and developmental effects of oxytocin on aggression and social behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) , 2003, Hormones and Behavior.

[62]  D. Stack,et al.  The Salience of Touch and Physical Contact During Infancy: Unraveling Some of the Mysteries of the Somesthetic Sense , 2007 .

[63]  Simone Gumtau Communication and Interaction using Touch - Examine the User Before You Reproduce his Hand! , 2005 .

[64]  '. B.Vallbo Properties of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the human hand-related to touch sensation , 1999 .

[65]  Otto Muzik,et al.  Local Brain Functional Activity Following Early Deprivation: A Study of Postinstitutionalized Romanian Orphans , 2001, NeuroImage.

[66]  A. Mulac,et al.  Male/Female Gaze in Same‐Sex and Mixed‐Sex Dyads Gender‐Linked Differences and Mutual Influence , 1987 .

[67]  Matthew J. Hertenstein,et al.  The Communicative Functions of Touch in Humans, Nonhuman Primates, and Rats: A Review and Synthesis of the Empirical Research , 2006, Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs.

[68]  Karon E. MacLean,et al.  Communicating emotion through a haptic link: Design space and methodology , 2007, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[69]  R. Heslin,et al.  The meanings of touch: sex differences. , 1975, The Journal of communication.

[70]  R. Spitz,et al.  Anaclitic depression; an inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood. , 1946, The Psychoanalytic study of the child.

[71]  C. Spence,et al.  When vision ‘extinguishes’ touch in neurologically-normal people: extending the Colavita visual dominance effect , 2008, Experimental Brain Research.

[72]  Wendy Ju,et al.  Creating visceral personal and social interactions in mediated spaces , 2001, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[73]  Andrew K. Gulledge,et al.  Romantic Physical Affection Types and Relationship Satisfaction , 2003 .

[74]  J. Mahoney,et al.  The effect of waitresses' touch on alcohol consumption in dyads. , 1999, The Journal of social psychology.

[75]  F. N. Willis,et al.  Interpersonal Touch in High School Relative to Sex and Race , 1976, Perceptual and motor skills.

[76]  Jacques Marescaux,et al.  Transatlantic robot-assisted telesurgery , 2001, Nature.

[77]  A Geldard Frank Cutaneous Channels of Communication , 2012 .

[78]  Victor H. Denenberg,et al.  Physiological and behavioral effects of infantile stimulation , 1967 .

[79]  J. Pickens,et al.  Massage therapy reduces anxiety and enhances EEG pattern of alertness and math computations. , 1996, The International journal of neuroscience.

[80]  E T Rolls,et al.  Representations of pleasant and painful touch in the human orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. , 2003, Cerebral cortex.

[81]  Charles A. Nelson,et al.  A Neurobiological Perspective on Early Human Deprivation , 2007 .

[82]  M. Veldhuizen,et al.  Dissociating pleasantness and intensity with quinine sulfate/sucrose mixtures in taste. , 2006, Chemical senses.

[83]  M. Fitzgerald,et al.  The postnatal physiological and neurochemical development of peripheral sensory C fibres , 1984, Neuroscience.

[84]  C. Spence,et al.  The cognitive and neural correlates of “tactile consciousness”: A multisensory perspective , 2008, Consciousness and Cognition.

[85]  J. Ward,et al.  Mirror-touch synesthesia is linked with empathy , 2007, Nature Neuroscience.

[86]  Shmuel Ellis,et al.  STRATEGIES TO SECURE COMPLIANCE FOR A MALL INTERCEPT INTERVIEW , 1988 .

[87]  S. Jourard,et al.  An exploratory study of body-accessibility. , 1966, The British journal of social and clinical psychology.

[88]  H. Bülthoff,et al.  Merging the senses into a robust percept , 2004, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[89]  M. Dosey,et al.  Personal space and self-protection. , 1969, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[90]  Charles Spence,et al.  The Perception of Space and Form Recognition in a Simulated Environment: The Case of Minimalist Sensory-Substitution Devices , 2007, Perception.

[91]  Interpersonal Touch among Adults in Cafeteria Lines , 1978, Perceptual and motor skills.

[92]  A. Iggo,et al.  Cutaneous and subcutaneous sense organs. , 1977, British medical bulletin.

[93]  M. Rutter,et al.  Do the effects of early severe deprivation on cognition persist into early adolescence? Findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study. , 2006, Child development.

[94]  K. Scherer,et al.  Vocal expression of emotion. , 2003 .

[95]  Kirsten Rassmus-Gröhn,et al.  Supporting presence in collaborative environments by haptic force feedback , 2000, TCHI.

[96]  Kathryn E. Barnard,et al.  Touch: The Foundation of Experience , 1991 .

[97]  W. Schiff,et al.  Tactual Perception: A Source Book , 1983 .

[98]  C. Kleinke,et al.  Compliance to requests made by gazing and touching experimenters in field settings. , 1977 .

[99]  Stanley E. Jones,et al.  A naturalistic study of the meanings of touch , 1985 .

[100]  S. Jourard,et al.  Experimenter-subject "distance" and self-disclosure. , 1970, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[101]  L. Weiskrantz,et al.  Residual tactile sensitivity with self-directed stimulation in hemianaesthesia. , 1987, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[102]  Lester R. Aronson,et al.  The biopsychology of development , 1971 .

[103]  Success and interpersonal touch in a competitive setting , 1980 .

[104]  Richard Alapack,et al.  Flirting on the Internet and the Hickey: A Hermeneutic , 2005, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[105]  Temple Grandin,et al.  An Inside View of Autism , 1992 .

[106]  M. Miodownik A touchy subject , 2005 .

[107]  Steve Howard,et al.  'Was it Good for you Darling?' – Intimacy, Sex and Critical Technical Practice , 2006, CHI 2006.

[108]  C. Wetzel,et al.  The Midas Touch , 1984 .

[109]  J. Marshall THE SKIN SENSES , 1969 .

[110]  A. F. Rovers,et al.  HIM: a framework for haptic instant messaging , 2004, CHI EA '04.

[111]  A. Isola,et al.  The Right to Touch and Be Touched , 1996, Nursing ethics.

[112]  M. Patterson,et al.  Touch, compliance, and interpersonal affect , 1986 .

[113]  A. Harrison Therapeutic touch: getting the massage. , 1986, Nursing times.

[114]  Frank N. Willis,et al.  Development of Tactile Patterns in Relation to Age, Sex, and Race. , 1975 .

[115]  S. Weiss,et al.  Maternal Tactile Stimulation and the Neurodevelopment of Low Birth Weight Infants. , 2004 .

[116]  S. Xavier The impact of institutionalization on child development , 2003 .

[117]  Lee Sproull,et al.  Reducing social context cues: electronic mail in organizational communication , 1986 .

[118]  A. Craig How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body , 2002, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[119]  E. Rolls,et al.  The representation of pleasant touch in the brain and its relationship with taste and olfactory areas. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[120]  Cathrine V. Jansson-Boyd,et al.  Not only in the eye of the beholder: Tactile information can affect aesthetic evaluation. , 2007 .

[121]  K. Light,et al.  More frequent partner hugs and higher oxytocin levels are linked to lower blood pressure and heart rate in premenopausal women , 2005, Biological Psychology.

[122]  M. Shermer,et al.  A bounty of science. , 2004, Scientific American.

[123]  Cindy M Meston,et al.  Tactile Sensitivity in Women with Sexual Arousal Disorder , 2005, Archives of sexual behavior.

[124]  M. Taki,et al.  Does body contact contribute towards repairing relationships? The association between flipper-rubbing and aggressive behavior in captive bottlenose dolphins , 2006, Behavioural Processes.

[125]  M. Moynihan Communication in the Titi monkey, Callicebus , 2009 .

[126]  T. Field,et al.  CORTISOL DECREASES AND SEROTONIN AND DOPAMINE INCREASE FOLLOWING MASSAGE THERAPY , 2005, The International journal of neuroscience.

[127]  C. Spence,et al.  Psychologically induced cooling of a specific body part caused by the illusory ownership of an artificial counterpart , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[128]  Laura K. Guerrero,et al.  Types of touch in cross-sex relationships between coworkers: perceptions of relational and emotional messages, inappropriateness, and sexual harassment , 2001 .

[129]  P. Ekman,et al.  Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration of Findings , 1972 .

[130]  J. Wolfe Inattentional Amnesia , 2000 .

[131]  P. Greenbaum,et al.  Varieties of touching in greetings: Sequential structure and sex-related differences , 1980 .

[132]  G. Baranek Autism During Infancy: A Retrospective Video Analysis of Sensory-Motor and Social Behaviors at 9–12 Months of Age , 1999, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[133]  Nicolas Guéguen,et al.  Touch, Compliance, and Awareness of Tactile Contact , 2007, Perceptual and motor skills.

[134]  Cagatay Basdogan,et al.  The role of Haptic communication in shared virtual environments , 1998 .

[135]  Sensory Capabilities Of The Fetus , 1987, MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing.

[136]  MATERNAL TOUCH. , 2013, Nursing outlook.

[137]  A. Ingham A review of the literature relating to touch and its use in intensive care. , 1989, Intensive care nursing.

[138]  Larry J. Young,et al.  The neurobiology of social recognition, approach, and avoidance , 2002, Biological Psychiatry.

[139]  Francis McGlone,et al.  Cognitive influences on the affective representation of touch and the sight of touch in the human brain. , 2008, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[140]  Shopping Time and Purchasing Behavior as a Result of In-Store Tactile Stimulation , 1991 .

[141]  Daniel B. Turban,et al.  Factors affecting perceptions of workplace sexual harassment , 1996 .

[142]  Bruce Morasch,et al.  Interpreting social-sexual behavior in a work setting , 1983 .

[143]  Johan Wessberg,et al.  Receptive field properties of unmyelinated tactile afferents in the human skin. , 2003, Journal of neurophysiology.

[144]  P. Ekman Facial expression and emotion. , 1993, The American psychologist.

[145]  Interpersonal Touch Among Preschool Children at Play , 1978 .

[146]  Hong Z. Tan,et al.  The Body Surface as a Communication System: The State of the Art after 50 Years , 2007, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.

[147]  Khalil Sima'an,et al.  Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship , 2006, Computational Linguistics.

[148]  Ruth Finnegan,et al.  Communicating: The Multiple Modes of Human Interconnection , 2002 .

[149]  Helen J. Chatterjee,et al.  Touch in Museums: Policy and Practice in Object Handling , 2008 .

[150]  D. Keltner,et al.  Touch communicates distinct emotions. , 2006, Emotion.

[151]  P. Anderson Touching: The Human Significance of the Skin , 1978 .

[152]  Martin R. Gibbs,et al.  SynchroMate: a phatic technology for mediating intimacy , 2005, DUX '05.

[153]  E. Reiman,et al.  Thermosensory activation of insular cortex , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[154]  J. Wessberg,et al.  Functional role of unmyelinated tactile afferents in human hairy skin: sympathetic response and perceptual localization , 2007, Experimental Brain Research.

[155]  Martin R. Gibbs,et al.  Hug over a distance , 2005, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[156]  R. Heslin,et al.  Hands touching hands: affective and evaluative effects of an interpersonal touch. , 1976, Sociometry.

[157]  R. Zweigenhaft,et al.  The effect on tipping of a waitress touching male and female customers. , 1986 .

[158]  Thomas R. Insel,et al.  Toward a Neurobiology of Attachment , 2000 .

[159]  Richard Alapack,et al.  Simulation in Cyberspace and Touch of the Flesh: Kissing, the Blush, the Hickey and the Caress , 2007 .

[160]  Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn,et al.  Mediated social touch: a review of current research and future directions , 2006, Virtual Reality.

[161]  M. Argyle,et al.  Gaze, Mutual Gaze, and Proximity , 1972 .

[162]  M. Nagai,et al.  Insular cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of recent literature , 2007, European Psychiatry.

[163]  Nima Motamedi Keep in touch: a tactile-vision intimate interface , 2007, Tangible and Embedded Interaction.

[164]  Sensory and perceptual capabilities of the neonate , 1982 .

[165]  Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn,et al.  The Virtual Midas Touch: Helping Behavior After a Mediated Social Touch , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Haptics.

[166]  R. Winkelmann The erogenous zones: their nerve supply and its significance. , 1959, Proceedings of the staff meetings. Mayo Clinic.

[167]  Roy Sheldon,et al.  Consumer Engineering: A New Technique for Prosperity , 1976 .

[168]  S J Bolanowski,et al.  Passive, active and intra-active (self) touch. , 1999, Somatosensory & motor research.

[169]  T. Field,et al.  Stable preterm infants gain more weight and sleep less after five days of massage therapy. , 2003, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[170]  Oxytocin: key hormone in sexual intercourse, parturition, and lactation. , 1996, The Birth gazette.

[171]  S-J Blakemore,et al.  Somatosensory activations during the observation of touch and a case of vision-touch synaesthesia. , 2005, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[172]  T. Field,et al.  Massage therapy effects. , 1998, The American psychologist.

[173]  Andrew K. Gulledge,et al.  Non-Erotic Physical Affection: It’s Good for You , 2007 .

[174]  Ming C. Lin,et al.  Haptic Rendering : Foundations, Algorithms, and Applications , 2008 .

[175]  Eric Schopler,et al.  High-Functioning Individuals with Autism , 1992 .

[176]  C. Carter,et al.  The effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on partner preferences in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). , 1999, Behavioral neuroscience.

[177]  M. J. Horowitz,et al.  BODY-BUFFER ZONE; EXPLORATION OF PERSONAL SPACE. , 1964, Archives of general psychiatry.

[178]  Carol Carter Porges Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love , 1998 .

[179]  I. Weber,et al.  Tactile communication among free-ranging langurs. , 1973, American journal of physical anthropology.

[180]  Nicolas Guéguen,et al.  Nonverbal Encouragement of Participation in a Course: the Effect of Touching , 2004 .

[181]  Johan Wessberg,et al.  Discriminative touch and emotional touch. , 2007, Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale.

[182]  Larry J. Young,et al.  Oxytocin, vasopressin, and social recognition in mammals , 2004, Peptides.

[183]  G. Essick,et al.  Tactile Perception in Adults with Autism: a Multidimensional Psychophysical Study , 2008, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[184]  Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn,et al.  Investigating response similarities between real and mediated social touch: a first test , 2007, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[185]  Hillary Anger Elfenbein,et al.  On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. , 2002, Psychological bulletin.

[186]  M. Knapp,et al.  Nonverbal communication in human interaction , 1972 .

[187]  R. Terry Primate grooming as a tension reduction mechanism. , 1970, The Journal of psychology.

[188]  E. Rolls,et al.  Representation of pleasant and aversive taste in the human brain. , 2001, Journal of neurophysiology.

[189]  The scientific error of sexist research: A case study , 1980 .

[190]  E. Friedmann,et al.  The effect of touch on nutritional intake of chronic organic brain syndrome patients. , 1986, Journal of gerontology.

[191]  Hunter G. Hoffman,et al.  Physically touching and tasting virtual objects enhances the realism of virtual experiences , 1998, Virtual Reality.

[192]  C. Bramblett,et al.  Allogrooming and social status: An assessment of the contributions of female behavior to the social organization of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) , 1983, Primates.

[193]  Erik Barnouw,et al.  International encyclopedia of communications , 1989 .

[194]  R. Zajonc,et al.  Affective discrimination of stimuli that cannot be recognized. , 1980, Science.

[195]  F. A. King,et al.  Current perspectives in primate social dynamics , 1986 .

[196]  G R HAWKES,et al.  Tactile communication. , 1962, [Report]. Civil Aeromedical Research Institute.

[197]  B. O'Shaughnessy The sense of touch , 1989 .

[198]  F A GELDARD,et al.  Some neglected possibilities of communication. , 1960, Science.

[199]  T R Insel,et al.  A gender-specific mechanism for pair bonding: oxytocin and partner preference formation in monogamous voles. , 1995, Behavioral neuroscience.

[200]  K Barnett,et al.  .A theoretical construct of the concepts of touch as they relate to nursing. , 1972, Kango kenkyu. The Japanese journal of nursing research.

[201]  A. Mehrabian Attitudes inferred from non-immediacy of verbal communications , 1967 .

[202]  H. Harlow,et al.  Affectional responses in the infant monkey; orphaned baby monkeys develop a strong and persistent attachment to inanimate surrogate mothers. , 1959, Science.

[203]  Carol Carter Porges,et al.  Stress and soothing: An endocrine perspective , 1998 .